Berkelium Californium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk
Cf
Group Number
Not Available
Not Available
Period Number
7
7
Block
f block
f block
Element Family
Actinide
Actinide
CAS Number
7440406
99+
7440713
20
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
- Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
- Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
- Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions
History
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Discovery
In 1949
In 1950
Abundance
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
- Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
- It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Unknown
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
986.00 °C
99+
900.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C
40
1,470.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silver
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
3.00
12
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Not Available
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bk
Cf
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
14
25
20
19
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30
32
1.30
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20
27
1.20
27
Allen Electronegativity
2.70
1
Not Available
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
2.70
22
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol
99+
608.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,206.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,267.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,599.00 kJ/mol
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr
16
3.12 g/amp-hr
15
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
97
21
98
20
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
[Rn] 5f10 7s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
97
21
98
20
Number of Neutrons
150
11
153
9
Number of Electrons
97
21
98
20
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm
22
186.00 pm
9
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu
18
251.00 amu
17
Atomic Volume
Not Available
Not Available
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)
36
44.50 (-eV)
38
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm
99+
338.00 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3
22
15.10 g/cm3
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3
11
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Malleable, Sectile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
14.00
14
15.10
13
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Unknown
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available
Not Available
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K
99+
Not Available
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
Not Available
Enthalpy
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
Not Available
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