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Californium Berkelium Comparison

Californium
Berkelium
Berkelium Californium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf   
Bk   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440713   
20
7440406   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
In 1950   
In 1949   
Abundance
  
  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Unknown   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
900.00 °C   
99+
986.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C   
99+
2,627.00 °C   
40
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cf   
Bk   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
14   
25
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.20   
27
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.70   
1
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
601.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,186.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,152.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,434.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
3.07 g/amp-hr   
16
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
98   
20
97   
21
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
[Rn] 5f9 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98   
20
97   
21
Number of Neutrons
153   
9
150   
11
Number of Electrons
98   
20
97   
21
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
170.00 pm   
22
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu   
17
247.00 amu   
18
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Curium
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Californium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)   
38
45.50 (-eV)   
36
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm   
99+
341.60 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3   
21
14.78 g/cm3   
22
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
13.25 g/cm3   
11
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10   
13
14.00   
14
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
Summary >>
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