Californium Mercury Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf
Hg
Group Number
Not Available
12
6
Period Number
7
6
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440713
20
7439976
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
R_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
166.00
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
- Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions
Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Discovery
In 1950
Before 2000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.05 %
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
- It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
0.45 p.p.m.
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
900.00 °C
99+
Not Available
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C
99+
356.58 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Liquid
Color
Silver
Silver
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.00
12
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
1,451.40 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
3
Reflectivity
Not Available
73.00 %
8
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cf
Hg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
20
19
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30
32
2.00
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20
27
1.44
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.81
9
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.44
30
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr
15
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.49 eV
15
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
98
20
80
36
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
98
20
80
36
Number of Neutrons
153
9
121
22
Number of Electrons
98
20
80
36
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm
9
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
Not Available
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
155.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu
17
200.59 amu
32
Atomic Volume
Not Available
14.82 cm3/mol
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)
38
28.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm
99+
300.50 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3
21
13.53 g/cm3
24
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
0.00
1
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
15.10
13
13.53
16
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Unknown
Conductor
Resistivity
Not Available
961.00 nΩ·m
1
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
27.98 J/mol·K
13
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available
8.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
1,750.00 K
6
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
75.80 J/mol.K
6
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