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Darmstadtium vs Niobium

Darmstadtium
Niobium
Niobium vs Darmstadtium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ds  
Nb  
Group Number
10  
8
5  
13
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Probably Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
54083771  
8
7440031  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
Darmstadtium is a synthetic element that is highly radioactive.  
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  
Sources
Synthetically Produced  
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
Charles Hatchett  
Discovery
In 1994  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.00 %  
25
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Darmstadtium metal are limited to research purpose only. As only few atoms of this metal are produced.
  
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
25
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.07 p.p.m.  
30
Physical
Melting Point
-  
2,468.00 °C  
6
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
2,468.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Gray  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa  
36
735.00 MPa  
15
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
870.00 MPa  
19
Speed of Sound
5,090.00 m/s  
13
3,480.00 m/s  
31
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.30  
8
Reflectivity
50.00 %  
31
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ds  
Nb  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
9  
29
17  
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.60  
24
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.42  
20
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.10  
31
1.23  
26
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.60  
22
Allen Electronegativity
1.10  
99+
1.41  
35
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.20  
39
2.40  
31
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
955.20 kJ/mol  
5
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,891.10 kJ/mol  
16
1,380.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,029.60 kJ/mol  
25
2,416.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,955.90 kJ/mol  
99+
3,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,113.70 kJ/mol  
99+
4,877.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
10,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
9,847.00 kJ/mol  
17
7th Energy level
3,540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,100.00 kJ/mol  
14
8th Energy Level
6,630.00 kJ/mol  
40
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,180.00 kJ/mol  
29
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
10,700.00 kJ/mol  
20
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
3,540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
34,800.00 kJ/mol  
28
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,280.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
1,130.00 kJ/mol  
99+
691.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
34,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
65,200.00 kJ/mol  
35
16th Energy Level
34,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,139.00 kJ/mol  
18
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
1,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,520.00 kJ/mol  
37
19th Energy Level
1,139.90 kJ/mol  
15
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.00 kJ/mol  
38
21st Energy Level
1,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
350.00 kJ/mol  
99+
694.00 kJ/mol  
30
23rd Energy Level
1,100.00 kJ/mol  
35
4,490.00 kJ/mol  
30
24th Energy Level
565.80 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
33
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
26th Energy Level
582.30 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
34
27th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
652.10 kJ/mol  
35
28th Energy Level
1,130.00 kJ/mol  
4
652.10 kJ/mol  
40
29th Energy Level
1,130.00 kJ/mol  
4
652.10 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
663.20 kJ/mol  
33
652.00 kJ/mol  
37
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
110  
8
41  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d8 7s2  
[Kr] 4d4 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
110  
8
41  
99+
Number of Neutrons
161  
4
52  
99+
Number of Electrons
110  
8
41  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
146.00 pm  
37
Covalent Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
164.00 pm  
30
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
281.00 amu  
6
92.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
20.50 cm3/mol  
29
10.87 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Meitnerium
  
Zirconium
  
Next Element
Roentgenium
  
Molybdenum
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
104.00 (-eV)  
8
Lattice Constant
0.00 pm  
99+
330.04 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61  
19
1.47  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
35.00 g/cm3  
4
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
34.80 g/cm3  
5
8.57 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
330.00 MPa  
14
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
22
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
36
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
33.00 GPa  
23
38.00 GPa  
20
Bulk Modulus
38.00 GPa  
99+
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
105.00 GPa  
22
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
34.80  
7
8.57  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
4
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
8.30 nΩ·m  
99+
152.00 nΩ·m  
23
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω  
33
Electron Affinity
-  
86.10 kJ/mol  
14
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.26 J/(kg K)  
20
Molar Heat Capacity
27.30 J/mol·K  
23
24.60 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
53.70 W/m·K  
29
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
2,750.00 K  
7
Thermal Expansion
12.90 µm/(m·K)  
38
7.30 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.90 kJ/mol  
34
696.60 kJ/mol  
5
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
27.20 kJ/mol  
6
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
745.00 kJ/mol  
4
Standard Molar Entropy
57.00 J/mol.K  
30
36.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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