Hafnium Tantalum Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Hf
Ta
Group Number
4
14
5
13
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440586
30
7440257
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
- Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
- Tantalum metal is known as corrosion resistance.
- Tantalum metal can easily fabricated and It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
Anders Gustaf Ekeberg
Discovery
In 1922
In 1802
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %
25
8 * 10-9 %
31
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
37
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
31
0.00 %
37
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
27
0.00 %
31
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It has an ability to absorb neutrons and hence it is used to make control rods in nuclear submarines. And this metal is also used in Plasma welding torches.
- It alloys with iron, titanium and niobium are very useful.
- Tantalum metal is mainly used in the manufacturing of electron components. Its Oxide layer acts as an insulator.
- Tantalum metal is also used in surgical transplant like replacement of bone, skull plates and as a woven gauze.
Industrial Uses
Ammunition Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Bone
Not Available
0.03 p.p.m.
28
Physical Properties
Melting Point
2,150.00 °C
10
2,996.00 °C
4
Boiling Point
5,400.00 °C
5
5,425.00 °C
4
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Gray
Gray Blue
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.50
7
6.50
5
Brinell Hardness
1,450.00 MPa
6
440.00 MPa
28
Vickers Hardness
1,520.00 MPa
5
870.00 MPa
12
Speed of Sound
3,010.00 m/s
27
3,400.00 m/s
22
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
78.00 %
6
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hf
Ta
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
32
7
31
8
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30
32
1.50
27
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.23
25
1.33
22
Allen Electronegativity
1.16
37
1.34
33
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
2.50
27
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
658.50 kJ/mol
40
761.00 kJ/mol
18
2nd Energy Level
1,440.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,500.00 kJ/mol
40
3rd Energy Level
2,250.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
4th Energy Level
3,216.00 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.66 g/amp-hr
99+
1.35 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.90 eV
27
4.25 eV
21
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
72
99+
73
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
72
99+
73
99+
Number of Neutrons
106
29
108
28
Number of Electrons
72
99+
73
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm
28
146.00 pm
35
Covalent Radius
175.00 pm
23
170.00 pm
25
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
28
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
178.49 amu
39
180.95 amu
38
Atomic Volume
13.60 cm3/mol
38
10.90 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
81.00 (-eV)
16
110.00 (-eV)
7
Lattice Constant
319.64 pm
99+
330.13 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58
12
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
13.31 g/cm3
26
16.69 g/cm3
18
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.00 g/cm3
12
15.00 g/cm3
9
Tensile Strength
445.00 MPa
8
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
24
0.00 (Pa)
31
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa
23
69.00 GPa
13
Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa
15
200.00 GPa
8
Young's Modulus
78.00 GPa
25
186.00 GPa
13
Poisson Ratio
0.37
7
0.34
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.31
18
16.65
11
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
331.00 nΩ·m
14
131.00 nΩ·m
25
Electrical Conductivity
0.03 106/cm Ω
39
0.08 106/cm Ω
27
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
31.00 kJ/mol
29
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)
37
0.14 J/(kg K)
37
Molar Heat Capacity
25.73 J/mol·K
36
25.36 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
23.00 W/m·K
99+
57.50 W/m·K
27
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
5.90 µm/(m·K)
99+
6.30 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
661.10 kJ/mol
5
753.10 kJ/mol
2
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.10 kJ/mol
8
31.40 kJ/mol
3
Enthalpy of Atomization
703.00 kJ/mol
5
782.00 kJ/mol
3
Standard Molar Entropy
43.60 J/mol.K
34
41.50 J/mol.K
37
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