Lutetium vs Yttrium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Lu
Y
Group Number
Not Available
3
15
Period Number
6
5
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439943
99+
7440655
25
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
5
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Metal dust of Lutetium element is highly explosive.
- Lutetium metal is corrosion resistance and acts stable in air.
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Georges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach
Johan Gadolin
Discovery
In 1906
In 1794
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-8 %
30
7 * 10-7 %
17
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %
26
~0.0000001 %
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
21
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
22
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
25
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Lutetium metal is used outside research. It has commercial uses like Industrial catalyst for cracking oil refineries of hydrocarbons .
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
- It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
Industrial Uses
NA
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
26
In Bone
Not Available
0.07 p.p.m.
25
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,652.00 °C
19
1,523.00 °C
27
Boiling Point
3,402.00 °C
19
3,337.00 °C
21
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
893.00 MPa
10
589.00 MPa
22
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa
8
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
3,300.00 m/s
23
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Lu
Y
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
19
20
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.27
34
1.22
38
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
0.65
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.14
28
1.11
29
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.12
38
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.73
20
2.78
16
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
523.50 kJ/mol
99+
600.00 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,340.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,180.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,022.30 kJ/mol
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol
99+
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
5,847.00 kJ/mol
10
5th Energy Level
6,445.00 kJ/mol
21
7,430.00 kJ/mol
14
6th Energy Level
Not Available
8,970.00 kJ/mol
17
7th Energy level
Not Available
11,190.00 kJ/mol
18
8th Energy Level
Not Available
12,450.00 kJ/mol
18
9th Energy Level
Not Available
14,110.00 kJ/mol
19
10th Energy Level
Not Available
18,400.00 kJ/mol
17
11th Energy Level
Not Available
19,900.00 kJ/mol
18
12th Energy Level
Not Available
36,090.00 kJ/mol
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.18 g/amp-hr
23
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
3.30 eV
33
3.10 eV
35
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
71
99+
39
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Yttrium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
71
99+
39
99+
Number of Neutrons
104
30
50
99+
Number of Electrons
71
99+
39
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
174.00 pm
20
180.00 pm
14
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm
20
190.00 pm
18
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm
22
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
174.97 amu
40
88.91 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
17.78 cm3/mol
30
19.80 cm3/mol
21
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
50.90 (-eV)
26
48.00 (-eV)
30
Lattice Constant
350.31 pm
99+
364.74 pm
31
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
10
1.57
16
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.84 g/cm3
38
4.47 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.30 g/cm3
22
4.24 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
33
0.00 (Pa)
32
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
3.18 (Pa)
11
4.27 (Pa)
10
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.20 GPa
26
25.60 GPa
30
Bulk Modulus
47.60 GPa
23
41.20 GPa
30
Young's Modulus
68.60 GPa
30
63.50 GPa
32
Poisson Ratio
0.26
21
0.24
26
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.84
29
4.47
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
582.00 nΩ·m
9
596.00 nΩ·m
8
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
29.60 kJ/mol
30
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)
36
0.30 J/(kg K)
18
Molar Heat Capacity
26.86 J/mol·K
24
26.53 J/mol·K
27
Thermal Conductivity
16.40 W/m·K
99+
17.20 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
9.90 µm/(m·K)
40
10.60 µm/(m·K)
37
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
355.90 kJ/mol
22
393.00 kJ/mol
18
Enthalpy of Fusion
18.70 kJ/mol
13
17.15 kJ/mol
16
Enthalpy of Atomization
398.00 kJ/mol
20
418.00 kJ/mol
18
Standard Molar Entropy
51.00 J/mol.K
30
44.40 J/mol.K
33
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