1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.5 Block
1.7 Element Family
1.9 CAS Number
74407137439998
7429905
54386242
1.10 Space Group Name
1.11 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
- Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
Not Available
2.2 Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.1.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
3.1.4 Abundance In Meteorites
3.1.5 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.3.1 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.2 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
-
It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
- Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
-
Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
4.1.3 Medical Uses
4.1.4 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.3.2 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
900.00 °C640.00 °C
27
3410
5.2 Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C3,902.00 °C
147
5660
5.3 Appearance
5.3.1 Physical State
5.3.2 Color
5.3.3 Luster
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.5.1 Brinell Hardness
6.1.2 Vickers Hardness
6.2 Speed of Sound
6.3 Optical Properties
6.3.1 Refractive Index
6.3.3 Reflectivity
6.4 Allotropes
6.4.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.4.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.4.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.4 Electronegativity
7.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.4.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.4.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
7.4.7 Allen Electronegativity
8.2 Electropositivity
8.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.3 Ionization Energies
8.3.1 1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol604.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.4.1 2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol1,128.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.4.2 3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol1,997.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.5.1 4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol3,242.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.5.2 5th Energy Level
8.6.1 6th Energy Level
8.6.2 7th Energy level
8.7.1 8th Energy Level
8.8.2 9th Energy Level
8.8.3 10th Energy Level
8.8.5 11th Energy Level
8.8.7 12th Energy Level
8.9.1 13th Energy Level
8.9.2 14th Energy Level
8.9.3 15th Energy Level
8.9.4 16th Energy Level
8.9.5 17th Energy Level
8.9.6 18th Energy Level
8.9.7 19th Energy Level
8.9.8 20th Energy Level
8.9.9 21st Energy Level
8.9.10 22nd Energy Level
8.9.11 23rd Energy Level
8.9.12 24th Energy Level
8.9.13 25th Energy Level
8.9.14 26th Energy Level
8.9.15 27th Energy Level
8.9.16 28th Energy Level
8.9.17 29th Energy Level
8.9.18 30th Energy Level
8.10 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr1.77 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.11 Electron Work Function
8.12 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
9.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9.4.2 Number of Neutrons
9.4.3 Number of Electrons
9.5 Radius of an Atom
9.5.1 Atomic Radius
186.00 pm155.00 pm
112
265
9.5.2 Covalent Radius
9.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
9.6 Atomic Weight
251.00 amu237.00 amu
6.94
294
9.7 Atomic Volume
NA11.62 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.8.1 Previous Element
9.8.2 Next Element
9.9 Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)96.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
9.10 Lattice Constant
338.00 pm666.30 pm
228.58
891.25
9.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
9.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm319.38 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
10.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.2 Tensile Strength
10.3 Viscosity
10.4 Vapor Pressure
10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
10.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
10.5 Elasticity properties
10.5.1 Shear Modulus
10.5.2 Bulk Modulus
10.5.3 Young's Modulus
10.6 Poisson Ratio
10.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile
Ductile
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
11.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
11.1.3 Permeability
11.1.4 Susceptibility
11.2 Electrical Properties
11.2.1 Electrical Property
11.2.2 Resistivity
11.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
11.2.4 Electron Affinity
12 Thermal
12.1 Specific Heat
12.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA29.46 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
12.3 Thermal Conductivity
12.4 Critical Temperature
12.5 Thermal Expansion
12.6 Enthalpy
12.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
12.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
12.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
12.7 Standard Molar Entropy