1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.5 Period Number
1.8 Block
1.9 Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
1.10 CAS Number
74407137440166
7429905
54386242
1.14 Space Group Name
1.15 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
- Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
- Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
- Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
2.2 Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
William Hyde Wollaston
2.3.3 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.13.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000002 %
1E-08
0.1
2.16.3 Abundance In Meteorites
3.3.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.8.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.11.2 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
-
It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
- Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
- It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
5.1.2 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.3 Medical Uses
5.1.5 Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Alloys
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
6.2.3 In Bone
10 Physical
10.1 Melting Point
900.00 °C1,966.00 °C
27
3410
10.3 Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C3,727.00 °C
147
5660
10.5 Appearance
10.5.1 Physical State
10.5.2 Color
10.5.3 Luster
10.6 Hardness
10.6.1 Mohs Hardness
11.1.4 Brinell Hardness
1.3.1 Vickers Hardness
1.6 Speed of Sound
2.6 Optical Properties
2.6.1 Refractive Index
2.10.1 Reflectivity
2.12 Allotropes
3.1.2 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.1.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.1.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4 Chemical
4.1 Chemical Formula
4.2 Isotopes
4.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.6 Electronegativity
5.6.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.1.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
6.3.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
6.4.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
6.6.2 Allen Electronegativity
7.5 Electropositivity
7.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.4 Ionization Energies
8.4.1 1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol719.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.1.2 2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol1,740.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.6.1 3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol2,997.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
10.2.6 4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
10.4.3 5th Energy Level
11.2.1 6th Energy Level
11.2.4 7th Energy level
11.4.1 8th Energy Level
11.5.3 9th Energy Level
11.9.3 10th Energy Level
11.9.7 11th Energy Level
11.11.2 12th Energy Level
1.2.2 13th Energy Level
1.5.1 14th Energy Level
1.8.1 15th Energy Level
1.14.1 16th Energy Level
1.18.2 17th Energy Level
2.4.2 18th Energy Level
2.8.2 19th Energy Level
2.9.3 20th Energy Level
2.10.3 21st Energy Level
2.11.2 22nd Energy Level
2.11.5 23rd Energy Level
2.13.2 24th Energy Level
2.14.4 25th Energy Level
2.14.7 26th Energy Level
3.1.3 27th Energy Level
3.4.1 28th Energy Level
3.5.3 29th Energy Level
1.3.1 30th Energy Level
2.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr1.28 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
2.8 Electron Work Function
2.15 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
3 Atomic
3.1 Atomic Number
4.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2
[Kr] 4d8 5s1
4.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
4.3.1 Crystal Lattice
4.4 Atom
4.4.1 Number of Protons
5.4.4 Number of Neutrons
1.3.1 Number of Electrons
1.7 Radius of an Atom
1.7.1 Atomic Radius
186.00 pm134.00 pm
112
265
2.3.3 Covalent Radius
1.2.1 Van der Waals Radius
1.9 Atomic Weight
251.00 amu102.91 amu
6.94
294
2.10 Atomic Volume
NA8.30 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
3.3 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
3.3.1 Previous Element
3.3.2 Next Element
3.4 Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)64.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
2.6 Lattice Constant
338.00 pm380.34 pm
228.58
891.25
2.9 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
2.10 Lattice C/A Ratio
3 Mechanical
3.1 Density
3.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm312.41 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
3.6.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.4 Tensile Strength
5.6 Viscosity
6.6 Vapor Pressure
6.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.3.4 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
8.3 Elasticity properties
8.3.1 Shear Modulus
9.1.5 Bulk Modulus
10.1.2 Young's Modulus
11.2 Poisson Ratio
1.4 Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile
Malleable
2 Magnetic
2.1 Magnetic Characteristics
2.1.1 Specific Gravity
2.3.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
2.3.2 Permeability
2.3.6 Susceptibility
2.6 Electrical Properties
2.6.1 Electrical Property
2.6.2 Resistivity
2.9.4 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.21 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
2.10.6 Electron Affinity
4 Thermal
4.1 Specific Heat
4.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA24.98 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
5.2 Thermal Conductivity
5.4 Critical Temperature
5.7 Thermal Expansion
5.10 Enthalpy
5.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA495.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
1.2.4 Enthalpy of Fusion
1.3.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
1.8 Standard Molar Entropy
NA31.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1