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Californium vs Neptunium

Californium
Neptunium
Neptunium vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf   
Np   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440713   
20
7439998   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Pnma   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
62.00   
11
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Not Available   
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson   
Discovery
In 1950   
In 1940   
Abundance
  
  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  • Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
900.00 °C   
99+
640.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C   
99+
3,902.00 °C   
13
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cf   
Np   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.36   
29
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.22   
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.64   
25
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
604.50 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,997.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,242.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
1.77 g/amp-hr   
39
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
98   
20
93   
25
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98   
20
93   
25
Number of Neutrons
153   
9
144   
14
Number of Electrons
98   
20
93   
25
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
155.00 pm   
30
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
190.00 pm   
18
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
221.00 pm   
22
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu   
17
237.00 amu   
22
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
11.62 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Uranium
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Plutonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)   
38
96.00 (-eV)   
9
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm   
99+
666.30 pm   
3
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3   
21
19.38 g/cm3   
14
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
125.00 MPa   
14
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.11 (Pa)   
17
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile   
Ductile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10   
13
20.25   
6
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
1.22 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
29.46 J/mol·K   
8
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
6.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
3.20 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
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