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Californium
Californium




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What is Californium?

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Periodic Table

Symbol

Cf

Group Number

3
Rank: 15 (Overall)
0 17
👆🏻

Period Number

7
Rank: 1 (Overall)
2 7
👆🏻

Block

f block

Element Family

Actinide

CAS Number

7440713
Rank: 20 (Overall)
7429905 54386242
👆🏻

Space Group Name

P63/mmc

Space Group Number

194.00
Rank: 7 (Overall)
11 276
👆🏻

Facts

Interesting Facts

  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.

Sources

Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions

History

Who Discovered

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Discovery

In 1950

Abundance

Abundance In Universe

0.00 %
Rank: 38 (Overall)
0 0.11
👆🏻

Abundance In Sun

0.00 %
Rank: 30 (Overall)
0 0.1
👆🏻

Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %
Rank: 54 (Overall)
0 22
👆🏻

Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %
Rank: 62 (Overall)
1E-37 8.1
👆🏻

Abundance In Oceans

-
0 1.1
👆🏻

Abundance In Humans

0.00 %
Rank: 24 (Overall)
0 1.4
👆🏻

Uses

Uses & Benefits

  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.

Industrial Uses

Chemical Industry

Medical Uses

-

Other Uses

Alloys, Nuclear Research

Biological Properties

Toxicity

Toxic

Present in Human Body

7% - Actinide Series Metals

In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 40 (Overall)
0 1970
👆🏻

In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.
Rank: 41 (Overall)
0 170000
👆🏻

Physical

Melting Point

900.00 °C
Rank: 50 (Overall)
-38.83 3410
👆🏻

Boiling Point

1,470.00 °C
Rank: 61 (Overall)
0 5660
👆🏻

Appearance

Physical State

Solid

Color

Silver

Luster

-

Hardness

Mohs Hardness

3.00
Rank: 13 (Overall)
0.2 8.5
👆🏻

Brinell Hardness

170.00 MPa
Rank: 54 (Overall)
0.14 3490
👆🏻

Vickers Hardness

1,800.00 MPa
Rank: 7 (Overall)
0 3920
👆🏻

Speed of Sound

2,260.00 m/s
Rank: 58 (Overall)
818 16200
👆🏻

Optical Properties

Refractive Index

1.30
Rank: 43 (Overall)
0.155 3.41
👆🏻

Reflectivity

63.00 %
Rank: 20 (Overall)
5 97
👆🏻

Allotropes

No - Actinide Series Metals has it !

α Allotropes

-

β Allotropes

-

γ Allotropes

-

Chemical

Chemical Formula

Cf

Isotopes

Known Isotopes

20
Rank: 19 (Overall)
0 38
👆🏻

Electronegativity

Pauling Electronegativity

1.30
Rank: 33 (Overall)
0 2.6
👆🏻

Sanderson Electronegativity

1.30
Rank: 25 (Overall)
0.22 2.56
👆🏻

Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.20
Rank: 28 (Overall)
0.86 1.9
👆🏻

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.30
Rank: 33 (Overall)
0.62 2.48
👆🏻

Allen Electronegativity

1.30
Rank: 40 (Overall)
0.659 2.7
👆🏻

Electropositivity

Pauling Electropositivity

2.70
Rank: 22 (Overall)
1.46 3.3
👆🏻

Ionization Energies

1st Energy Level

608.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 49 (Overall)
375.7 26130
👆🏻

2nd Energy Level

1,206.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 61 (Overall)
392.8 28750
👆🏻

3rd Energy Level

2,267.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 60 (Overall)
392.8 34230
👆🏻

4th Energy Level

3,599.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 62 (Overall)
375.7 37066
👆🏻

5th Energy Level

6,080.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 43 (Overall)
392 97510
👆🏻

6th Energy Level

6,080.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 56 (Overall)
1007 105800
👆🏻

7th Energy level

6,080.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 50 (Overall)
1007 114300
👆🏻

8th Energy Level

6,080.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 47 (Overall)
730 125300
👆🏻

9th Energy Level

6,080.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 46 (Overall)
1007 134700
👆🏻

10th Energy Level

6,080.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 48 (Overall)
392 144300
👆🏻

11th Energy Level

6,080.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 53 (Overall)
392 169988
👆🏻

12th Energy Level

60,800.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 14 (Overall)
0 189368
👆🏻

13th Energy Level

6,080.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 41 (Overall)
1007 76015
👆🏻

14th Energy Level

6,080.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 30 (Overall)
380 86450
👆🏻

15th Energy Level

62,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 39 (Overall)
33000 100700
👆🏻

16th Energy Level

62,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 29 (Overall)
375.7 109480
👆🏻

17th Energy Level

608.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 51 (Overall)
375.7 122200
👆🏻

18th Energy Level

6,085.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 44 (Overall)
0 134810
👆🏻

19th Energy Level

608.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 48 (Overall)
375.7 148700
👆🏻

20th Energy Level

578.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 60 (Overall)
0 171200
👆🏻

21st Energy Level

6,080.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 16 (Overall)
375.7 179100
👆🏻

22nd Energy Level

608.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 39 (Overall)
330 184900
👆🏻

23rd Energy Level

6,080.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 17 (Overall)
357.6 198800
👆🏻

24th Energy Level

608.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 41 (Overall)
297.3 195200
👆🏻

25th Energy Level

608.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 43 (Overall)
0 121900
👆🏻

26th Energy Level

608.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 41 (Overall)
357.6 127700
👆🏻

27th Energy Level

608.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 44 (Overall)
0 133800
👆🏻

28th Energy Level

608.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 48 (Overall)
297.3 139800
👆🏻

29th Energy Level

608.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 49 (Overall)
0 148100
👆🏻

30th Energy Level

608.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 45 (Overall)
0 154500
👆🏻

Electrochemical Equivalent

3.12 g/amp-hr
Rank: 17 (Overall)
0.16812 8.3209
👆🏻

Electron Work Function

4.70 eV
Rank: 15 (Overall)
2.14 6
👆🏻

Other Chemical Properties

Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility

Atomic

Atomic Number

98
Rank: 20 (Overall)
3 117
👆🏻

Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f10 7s2

Crystal Structure

Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)

Crystal Lattice

Atom

Number of Protons

98
Rank: 20 (Overall)
3 117
👆🏻

Number of Neutrons

153
Rank: 10 (Overall)
4 285
👆🏻

Number of Electrons

98
Rank: 20 (Overall)
3 117
👆🏻

Radius of an Atom

Atomic Radius

186.00 pm
Rank: 11 (Overall)
0 348
👆🏻

Covalent Radius

186.00 pm
Rank: 21 (Overall)
0 260
👆🏻

Van der Waals Radius

244.00 pm
Rank: 14 (Overall)
0 348
👆🏻

Atomic Weight

251.00 amu
Rank: 17 (Overall)
6.94 294
👆🏻

Atomic Volume

15.10 cm3/mol
Rank: 49 (Overall)
1.39 71.07
👆🏻

Adjacent Atomic Numbers

Previous Element

Next Element

Valence Electron Potential

44.50 (-eV)
Rank: 39 (Overall)
0 392.42
👆🏻

Lattice Constant

338.00 pm
Rank: 52 (Overall)
0 891.25
👆🏻

Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

Lattice C/A Ratio

1.58
Rank: 34 (Overall)
0.423 1.9
👆🏻

Mechanical

Density

Density At Room Temperature

15.10 g/cm3
Rank: 21 (Overall)
0.534 40.7
👆🏻

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

15.10 g/cm3
Rank: 22 (Overall)
0.512 41
👆🏻

Tensile Strength

50.00 MPa
Rank: 38 (Overall)
0.1 11000
👆🏻

Viscosity

0.00
Rank: 25 (Overall)
1.5E-05 0.0035
👆🏻

Vapor Pressure

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 22 (Overall)
0 121
👆🏻

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 24 (Overall)
0 774
👆🏻

Elasticity properties

Shear Modulus

29.00 GPa
Rank: 29 (Overall)
1.3 222
👆🏻

Bulk Modulus

40.00 GPa
Rank: 38 (Overall)
0 462
👆🏻

Young's Modulus

0.00 GPa
Rank: 74 (Overall)
0 528
👆🏻

Poisson Ratio

0.30
Rank: 14 (Overall)
0.032 0.47
👆🏻

Other Mechanical Properties

Malleable, Sectile

Magnetic

Magnetic Characteristics

Specific Gravity

15.10
Rank: 24 (Overall)
0.53 4500
👆🏻

Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Permeability

0.00 H/m
Rank: 8 (Overall)
1.25643E-06 0.0063
👆🏻

Susceptibility

0.00
Rank: 24 (Overall)
-0.000166 200000
👆🏻

Electrical Properties

Electrical Property

-

Resistivity

6.20 nΩ·m
Rank: 60 (Overall)
0.1 961
👆🏻

Electrical Conductivity

0.11 106/cm Ω
Rank: 23 (Overall)
0 0.63
👆🏻

Electron Affinity

97.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0 222.8
👆🏻

Thermal

Specific Heat

0.10 J/(kg K)
Rank: 44 (Overall)
0.1 3.6
👆🏻

Molar Heat Capacity

26.70 J/mol·K
Rank: 33 (Overall)
13.1 62.7
👆🏻

Thermal Conductivity

10.00 W/m·K
Rank: 68 (Overall)
0 429
👆🏻

Critical Temperature

900.00 K
Rank: 65 (Overall)
26.3 3695
👆🏻

Thermal Expansion

11.70 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 45 (Overall)
4.5 97
👆🏻

Enthalpy

Enthalpy of Vaporization

311.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 46 (Overall)
7.32 799.1
👆🏻

Enthalpy of Fusion

15.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)
2.1 35.23
👆🏻

Enthalpy of Atomization

-
61.5 837
👆🏻

Standard Molar Entropy

50.00 J/mol.K
Rank: 43 (Overall)
9.5 198.1
👆🏻