Element Family
Probably Transition
Transition Metal
Space Group Name
Not Available
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
Not Available
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
Sources
Synthetically Produced
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Who Discovered
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung
Karl Ernst Claus
Discovery
In 1994
In 1844
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Darmstadtium metal are limited to research purpose only. As only few atoms of this metal are produced.
- It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
- Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
Other Uses
Research Purposes
Alloys
Toxicity
Unknown
Low Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
Melting Point
Not Available
Boiling Point
Not Available
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Unknown
Silvery White
Luster
Unknown Luster
Metallic
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5th Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Not Available
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d8 7s2
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
Atomic Volume
Not Available
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
Lattice Constant
Not Available
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Not Available
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
Shear Modulus
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
Young's Modulus
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
Ductile, Malleable
Specific Gravity
Not Available
Magnetic Ordering
Unknown
Paramagnetic
Electrical Property
Unknown
Conductor
Resistivity
Not Available
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
Electron Affinity
Not Available
Specific Heat
Not Available
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available