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Ruthenium
Ruthenium




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What is Ruthenium?

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Ru
1.2 Group Number
Tennessine
8
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Gadolinium
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1.3 Period Number
Uranium
5
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Lithium
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1.4 Block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
Roentgenium
7440188
Rank: 61 (Overall)
Aluminium
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1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
Sodium
194.00
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Plutonium
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2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
2.2 Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1844
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
Iron
4 * 10-7 %
Rank: 20 (Overall)
Thallium
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2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
Iron
~0.0000005 %
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Beryllium
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2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
Iron
0.00 %
Rank: 26 (Overall)
Gold
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2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
Aluminium
0.00 %
Rank: 54 (Overall)
Radium
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2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
Sodium
0.00 %
Rank: 38 (Overall)
Protactinium
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2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
Calcium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Radium
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3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
  • Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Medical Research
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Low Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
60% Transition Metals Metals have it !
3.2.3 In Blood
Sodium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Plutonium
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3.2.4 In Bone
Calcium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Plutonium
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4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
Tungsten
2,250.00 °C
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Francium
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4.2 Boiling Point
Tungsten
3,900.00 °C
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Flerovium
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4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
Chromium
6.50
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Cesium
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4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
Osmium
2,160.00 MPa
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Cesium
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4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
Tungsten
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Palladium
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4.5 Speed of Sound
Technetium
5,970.00 m/s
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Thallium
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4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
Palladium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
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4.6.2 Reflectivity
Silver
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
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4.7 Allotropes
6% Transition Metals Metals have it !
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Ru
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
Palladium
26
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Tennessine
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5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
Gold
2.20
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Francium
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5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
Cobalt
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
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5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Gallium
1.42
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Cesium
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5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Polonium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
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5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
Berkelium
1.54
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Cesium
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5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
Francium
1.80
Rank: 49 (Overall)
Gold
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5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
Chromium
710.20 kJ/mol
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Cesium
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5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
Chromium
710.22 kJ/mol
Rank: 83 (Overall)
Ruthenium
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5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
Chromium
2,747.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 37 (Overall)
Osmium
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5.5.4 4th Energy Level
Chromium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Thorium
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5.5.5 5th Energy Level
Chromium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Dubnium
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5.5.6 6th Energy Level
Chromium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Seaborgium
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5.5.7 7th Energy level
Chromium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bohrium
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5.5.8 8th Energy Level
Chromium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Hassium
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5.5.9 9th Energy Level
Chromium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium
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5.5.10 10th Energy Level
Chromium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Strontium
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5.5.11 11th Energy Level
Magnesium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium
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5.5.12 12th Energy Level
Magnesium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.13 13th Energy Level
Titanium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.14 14th Energy Level
Vanadium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.15 15th Energy Level
Chromium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Manganese
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5.5.16 16th Energy Level
Manganese
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Iron
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5.5.17 17th Energy Level
Iron
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cobalt
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5.5.18 18th Energy Level
Cobalt
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nickel
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5.5.19 19th Energy Level
Nickel
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Copper
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5.5.20 20th Energy Level
Zinc
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.21 21st Energy Level
Zinc
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
Copper
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
Copper
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.24 24th Energy Level
Iron
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.25 25th Energy Level
Molybdenum
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
Molybdenum
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
Molybdenum
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
Molybdenum
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
Molybdenum
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
Molybdenum
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
Francium
1.26 g/amp-hr
Rank: 51 (Overall)
Beryllium
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5.7 Electron Work Function
Platinum
4.71 eV
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Cesium
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5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
Tennessine
44
Rank: 68 (Overall)
Lithium
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6.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
Tennessine
44
Rank: 67 (Overall)
Lithium
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6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
Flerovium
57
Rank: 50 (Overall)
Lithium
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6.4.3 Number of Electrons
Tennessine
44
Rank: 67 (Overall)
Lithium
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6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
Cesium
134.00 pm
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Beryllium
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6.5.2 Covalent Radius
Francium
146.00 pm
Rank: 38 (Overall)
Beryllium
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6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
Francium
200.00 pm
Rank: 28 (Overall)
Zinc
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6.6 Atomic Weight
Tennessine
101.07 amu
Rank: 62 (Overall)
Lithium
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6.7 Atomic Volume
Cesium
8.30 cm3/mol
Rank: 59 (Overall)
Manganese
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6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
Platinum
64.00 (-eV)
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Francium
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6.10 Lattice Constant
Manganese
270.59 pm
Rank: 67 (Overall)
Beryllium
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6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
Cadmium
1.58
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Beryllium
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7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
Hassium
12.45 g/cm3
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Lithium
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7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Osmium
10.65 g/cm3
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Lithium
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7.2 Tensile Strength
Iron
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Indium
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7.3 Viscosity
Mercury
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Strontium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cerium
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7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Chromium
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Tungsten
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7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
Osmium
173.00 GPa
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Potassium
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7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
Osmium
220.00 GPa
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Cesium
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7.5.3 Young's Modulus
Iridium
447.00 GPa
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Cesium
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7.6 Poisson Ratio
Gallium
0.30
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Beryllium
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7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
Cobalt
12.45
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Lithium
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8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
Iron
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
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8.1.4 Susceptibility
Iron
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
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8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
Mercury
71.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 38 (Overall)
Thallium
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8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
Silver
0.14 106/cm Ω
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Plutonium
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8.2.4 Electron Affinity
Gold
101.30 kJ/mol
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Mercury
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9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
Lithium
0.24 J/(kg K)
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Americium
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9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
Americium
24.06 J/mol·K
Rank: 54 (Overall)
Beryllium
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9.3 Thermal Conductivity
Silver
117.00 W/m·K
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Neptunium
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9.4 Critical Temperature
Lithium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ytterbium
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9.5 Thermal Expansion
Cesium
6.40 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 51 (Overall)
Tungsten
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9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
Tungsten
567.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Zinc
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9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
Tungsten
25.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Cesium
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9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
Tungsten
603.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Mercury
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9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
Protactinium
28.50 J/mol.K
Rank: 54 (Overall)
Beryllium
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