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Palladium
Palladium




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What is Palladium?

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

Pd

1.2 Group Number

10
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Gadolinium
0 17

1.3 Period Number

5
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Lithium
2 7

1.4 Block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

7440053
Rank: 74 (Overall)
Aluminium
7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Fm_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

225.00
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Plutonium
11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst

2.2 Sources

Ores of metals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

William Hyde Wollaston

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1803

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

2 * 10-7 %
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Thallium
5E-09 0.11

2.4.4 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000003 %
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1

3.2.5 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %
Rank: 51 (Overall)
Gold
1.7E-07 22

3.2.8 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %
Rank: 48 (Overall)
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1

4.1.2 Abundance In Oceans

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1

4.2.1 Abundance In Humans

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Radium
1E-13 1.4

5 Uses

5.1 Uses & Benefits

  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.

5.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry

5.1.2 Medical Uses

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

5.1.3 Other Uses

Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery

5.2 Biological Properties

5.2.1 Toxicity

Toxic

5.3.2 Present in Human Body

60% - Transition Metals Metals have it !

5.4.2 In Blood

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Plutonium
0 1970

5.4.4 In Bone

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Plutonium
0 170000

6 Physical

6.1 Melting Point

1,554.90 °C
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Francium
27 3410

6.2 Boiling Point

2,963.00 °C
Rank: 33 (Overall)
Flerovium
147 5660

6.4 Appearance

6.4.1 Physical State

Solid

6.4.2 Color

Silver

6.4.3 Luster

Metallic

6.5 Hardness

6.5.1 Mohs Hardness

4.75
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Cesium
0.2 8.5

6.6.3 Brinell Hardness

320.00 MPa
Rank: 33 (Overall)
Cesium
0.14 3490

7.2.2 Vickers Hardness

121.00 MPa
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Gold
121 3430

7.3 Speed of Sound

3,070.00 m/s
Rank: 26 (Overall)
Thallium
818 16200

7.5 Optical Properties

7.5.1 Refractive Index

1.72
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229

7.5.3 Reflectivity

84.00 %
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Molybdenum
58 97

7.6 Allotropes

6% - Transition Metals Metals have it !

7.6.2 α Allotropes

Not Available

7.6.3 β Allotropes

Not Available

7.6.4 γ Allotropes

Not Available

8 Chemical

8.1 Chemical Formula

Pd

8.2 Isotopes

8.2.1 Known Isotopes

38
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Tennessine
0 38

8.3 Electronegativity

8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

2.20
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Francium
0.7 2.54

8.3.4 Sanderson Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
0.22 2.56

8.4.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.35
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Cesium
0.86 1.82

8.5.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
0.62 2.48

8.5.6 Allen Electronegativity

1.59
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Cesium
0.659 2.7

8.7 Electropositivity

8.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity

1.80
Rank: 49 (Overall)
Gold
1.46 3.3

8.8 Ionization Energies

8.8.1 1st Energy Level

520.23 kJ/mol
Rank: 80 (Overall)
Cesium
375.7 26130

8.9.1 2nd Energy Level

7,298.22 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750

8.9.3 3rd Energy Level

11,815.13 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Osmium
1600 34230

9.1.1 4th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Thorium
2780 37066

9.1.3 5th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Dubnium
4305.2 97510

9.4.2 6th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800

9.4.4 7th Energy level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bohrium
7226.8 114300

9.4.7 8th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Hassium
8857.4 125300

9.4.9 9th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium
14110 134700

9.4.12 10th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Strontium
17100 144300

9.5.3 11th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium
19900 169988

9.5.6 12th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
22219 189368

9.5.9 13th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
26930 76015

9.6.1 14th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
29196 86450

9.7.1 15th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Manganese
41987 97510

9.9.2 16th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Iron
47206 109480

9.10.2 17th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cobalt
52737 122200

10.1.2 18th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nickel
58570 134810

10.1.5 19th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Copper
64702 148700

10.1.8 20th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
80400 171200

10.3.1 21st Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
87000 179100

10.5.2 22nd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
93400 184900

10.6.2 23rd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
98420 198800

11.1.1 24th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
104400 195200

11.1.2 25th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
121900 121900

11.1.4 26th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
127700 127700

11.4.3 27th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
133800 133800

11.5.1 28th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
139800 139800

12.1.2 29th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
148100 148100

12.1.5 30th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
154500 154500

12.2 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.99 g/amp-hr
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209

12.5 Electron Work Function

5.12 eV
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Cesium
2.14 5.65

12.6 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility

13 Atomic

13.1 Atomic Number

46
Rank: 66 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

14.4 Electron Configuration

[Kr] 4d10

14.5 Crystal Structure

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

14.5.1 Crystal Lattice

14.6 Atom

14.6.1 Number of Protons

46
Rank: 65 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

14.8.0 Number of Neutrons

60
Rank: 48 (Overall)
Lithium
4 184

14.10.1 Number of Electrons

46
Rank: 65 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

14.15 Radius of an Atom

14.15.1 Atomic Radius

137.00 pm
Rank: 40 (Overall)
Beryllium
112 265

14.15.2 Covalent Radius

139.00 pm
Rank: 45 (Overall)
Beryllium
96 260

14.17.1 Van der Waals Radius

163.00 pm
Rank: 40 (Overall)
Zinc
139 348

15.3 Atomic Weight

106.42 amu
Rank: 60 (Overall)
Lithium
6.94 294

15.4 Atomic Volume

8.90 cm3/mol
Rank: 54 (Overall)
Manganese
1.39 71.07

15.6 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

15.6.1 Previous Element

15.6.2 Next Element

15.7 Valence Electron Potential

33.00 (-eV)
Rank: 51 (Overall)
Francium
8 392.42

15.9 Lattice Constant

389.07 pm
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Beryllium
228.58 891.25

15.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

15.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium
1.567 1.886

16 Mechanical

16.1 Density

16.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

12.02 g/cm3
Rank: 29 (Overall)
Lithium
0.534 40.7

16.2.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

10.38 g/cm3
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Lithium
0.512 20

16.3 Tensile Strength

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Indium
2.5 11000

16.4 Viscosity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526

16.5 Vapor Pressure

16.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121

16.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774

17.2 Elasticity properties

17.2.1 Shear Modulus

44.00 GPa
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Potassium
1.3 222

17.2.4 Bulk Modulus

180.00 GPa
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Cesium
1.6 462

17.3.3 Young's Modulus

121.00 GPa
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Cesium
1.7 528

17.4 Poisson Ratio

0.39
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.032 0.47

17.5 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable, Weldable

18 Magnetic

18.1 Magnetic Characteristics

18.1.1 Specific Gravity

12.02
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Lithium
0.53 4500

18.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

18.1.3 Permeability

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063

18.1.5 Susceptibility

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000

18.2 Electrical Properties

18.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

18.2.2 Resistivity

105.40 nΩ·m
Rank: 29 (Overall)
Thallium
0.18 961

19.1.1 Electrical Conductivity

0.10 106/cm Ω
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63

19.2.1 Electron Affinity

54.23 kJ/mol
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Mercury
0 222.8

20 Thermal

20.1 Specific Heat

0.24 J/(kg K)
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Americium
0.11 3.6

20.2 Molar Heat Capacity

25.98 J/mol·K
Rank: 33 (Overall)
Beryllium
16.443 62.7

20.4 Thermal Conductivity

71.80 W/m·K
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Neptunium
6.3 429

20.6 Critical Temperature

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ytterbium
26.3 3223

20.8 Thermal Expansion

11.80 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 33 (Overall)
Tungsten
4.5 97

20.9 Enthalpy

20.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

376.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Zinc
7.32 799.1

20.9.3 Enthalpy of Fusion

16.74 kJ/mol
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Cesium
2.1 35.23

20.10.1 Enthalpy of Atomization

393.30 kJ/mol
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Mercury
61.5 837

20.11 Standard Molar Entropy

37.60 J/mol.K
Rank: 40 (Overall)
Beryllium
9.5 198.1