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Palladium
Palladium
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What is Palladium?
Palladium Metal Palladium Electron Configuration Palladium Crystal Structure
Palladium
Add ⊕
1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Pd
1.2 Group Number
Tennessine
⊕
▶
▼
10
Rank: 8 (Overall)▶
▲
Gadolinium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
1.3 Period Number
Uranium
⊕
▶
▼
5
Rank: 3 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
1.4 Block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
Roentgenium
⊕
▶
▼
7440053
Rank: 74 (Overall)▶
▲
Aluminium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
1.7 Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
Sodium
⊕
▶
▼
225.00
Rank: 2 (Overall)▶
▲
Plutonium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
2.2 Sources
Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
William Hyde Wollaston
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1803
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
Iron
⊕
▶
▼
2 * 10-7 %
Rank: 22 (Overall)▶
▲
Thallium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
Iron
⊕
▶
▼
~0.0000003 %
Rank: 24 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
Iron
⊕
▶
▼
0.00 %
Rank: 51 (Overall)▶
▲
Gold
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
Aluminium
⊕
▶
▼
0.00 %
Rank: 48 (Overall)▶
▲
Radium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
Sodium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Protactinium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
Calcium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Radium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
3.1.3 Other Uses
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
✔ ✘
60% Transition Metals Metals have it !
3.2.3 In Blood
Sodium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Plutonium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
3.2.4 In Bone
Calcium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Plutonium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
Tungsten
⊕
▶
▼
1,554.90 °C
Rank: 22 (Overall)▶
▲
Francium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.2 Boiling Point
Tungsten
⊕
▶
▼
2,963.00 °C
Rank: 33 (Overall)▶
▲
Flerovium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silver
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
4.75
Rank: 9 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
Osmium
⊕
▶
▼
320.00 MPa
Rank: 33 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
Tungsten
⊕
▶
▼
121.00 MPa
Rank: 36 (Overall)▶
▲
Palladium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.5 Speed of Sound
Technetium
⊕
▶
▼
3,070.00 m/s
Rank: 26 (Overall)▶
▲
Thallium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
Palladium
⊕
▶
▼
1.72
Rank: 1 (Overall)▶
▲
Mercury
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.6.2 Reflectivity
Silver
⊕
▶
▼
84.00 %
Rank: 4 (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.7 Allotropes
✔ ✘
6% Transition Metals Metals have it !
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Pd
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
Palladium
⊕
▶
▼
38
Rank: 1 (Overall)▶
▲
Tennessine
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
Gold
⊕
▶
▼
2.20
Rank: 4 (Overall)▶
▲
Francium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
Cobalt
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Gallium
⊕
▶
▼
1.35
Rank: 21 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Polonium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
Berkelium
⊕
▶
▼
1.59
Rank: 22 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
Francium
⊕
▶
▼
1.80
Rank: 49 (Overall)▶
▲
Gold
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
520.23 kJ/mol
Rank: 80 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
7,298.22 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)▶
▲
Ruthenium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
11,815.13 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)▶
▲
Osmium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Thorium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Dubnium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Seaborgium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.7 7th Energy level
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Bohrium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Hassium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Yttrium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Strontium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
Magnesium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Yttrium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
Magnesium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
Titanium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
Vanadium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Manganese
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
Manganese
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Iron
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
Iron
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Cobalt
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
Cobalt
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Nickel
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
Nickel
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Copper
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
Zinc
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
Zinc
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
Copper
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
Copper
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
Iron
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
Francium
⊕
▶
▼
1.99 g/amp-hr
Rank: 30 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.7 Electron Work Function
Platinum
⊕
▶
▼
5.12 eV
Rank: 3 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
Tennessine
⊕
▶
▼
46
Rank: 66 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10
6.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
Tennessine
⊕
▶
▼
46
Rank: 65 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
Flerovium
⊕
▶
▼
60
Rank: 48 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
Tennessine
⊕
▶
▼
46
Rank: 65 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
Cesium
⊕
▶
▼
137.00 pm
Rank: 40 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
Francium
⊕
▶
▼
139.00 pm
Rank: 45 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
Francium
⊕
▶
▼
163.00 pm
Rank: 40 (Overall)▶
▲
Zinc
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.6 Atomic Weight
Tennessine
⊕
▶
▼
106.42 amu
Rank: 60 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.7 Atomic Volume
Cesium
⊕
▶
▼
8.90 cm3/mol
Rank: 54 (Overall)▶
▲
Manganese
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
Platinum
⊕
▶
▼
33.00 (-eV)
Rank: 51 (Overall)▶
▲
Francium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.10 Lattice Constant
Manganese
⊕
▶
▼
389.07 pm
Rank: 25 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
Cadmium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
Hassium
⊕
▶
▼
12.02 g/cm3
Rank: 29 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Osmium
⊕
▶
▼
10.38 g/cm3
Rank: 17 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.2 Tensile Strength
Iron
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Indium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.3 Viscosity
Mercury
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Mercury
⊕
▶
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Strontium
⊕
▶
▼
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 27 (Overall)▶
▲
Cerium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 30 (Overall)▶
▲
Tungsten
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
Osmium
⊕
▶
▼
44.00 GPa
Rank: 17 (Overall)▶
▲
Potassium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
Osmium
⊕
▶
▼
180.00 GPa
Rank: 9 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
Iridium
⊕
▶
▼
121.00 GPa
Rank: 16 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.6 Poisson Ratio
Gallium
⊕
▶
▼
0.39
Rank: 5 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
Cobalt
⊕
▶
▼
12.02
Rank: 21 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
Iron
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Bismuth
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
8.1.4 Susceptibility
Iron
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Bismuth
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
Mercury
⊕
▶
▼
105.40 nΩ·m
Rank: 29 (Overall)▶
▲
Thallium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
Silver
⊕
▶
▼
0.10 106/cm Ω
Rank: 22 (Overall)▶
▲
Plutonium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
Gold
⊕
▶
▼
54.23 kJ/mol
Rank: 17 (Overall)▶
▲
Mercury
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
Lithium
⊕
▶
▼
0.24 J/(kg K)
Rank: 23 (Overall)▶
▲
Americium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
Americium
⊕
▶
▼
25.98 J/mol·K
Rank: 33 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
Silver
⊕
▶
▼
71.80 W/m·K
Rank: 23 (Overall)▶
▲
Neptunium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.4 Critical Temperature
Lithium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Ytterbium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.5 Thermal Expansion
Cesium
⊕
▶
▼
11.80 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 33 (Overall)▶
▲
Tungsten
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
Tungsten
⊕
▶
▼
376.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 19 (Overall)▶
▲
Zinc
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
Tungsten
⊕
▶
▼
16.74 kJ/mol
Rank: 18 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
Tungsten
⊕
▶
▼
393.30 kJ/mol
Rank: 22 (Overall)▶
▲
Mercury
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
Protactinium
⊕
▶
▼
37.60 J/mol.K
Rank: 40 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕

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