1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Co
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
7440484
Rank: 38 (Overall) ▶
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00
Rank: 5 (Overall) ▶
11
229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
2.2 Sources
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Georg Brandt
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1732
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-4 %
Rank: 9 (Overall) ▶
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0004 %
Rank: 9 (Overall) ▶
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.06 %
Rank: 10 (Overall) ▶
1.7E-07
22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
Rank: 21 (Overall) ▶
9.9E-12
8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
Rank: 20 (Overall) ▶
2E-23
1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
Rank: 17 (Overall) ▶
1E-13
1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
-
Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
✔
✘
60% - Transition Metals Metals have it !
▶
3.2.3 In Blood
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 18 (Overall) ▶
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.04 p.p.m.
Rank: 27 (Overall) ▶
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,495.00 °C
Rank: 29 (Overall) ▶
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,870.00 °C
Rank: 34 (Overall) ▶
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Gray
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
470.00 MPa
Rank: 26 (Overall) ▶
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
1,043.00 MPa
Rank: 11 (Overall) ▶
121
3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
4,720.00 m/s
Rank: 14 (Overall) ▶
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
1.000933
1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
67.00 %
Rank: 11 (Overall) ▶
58
97
4.7 Allotropes
✔
✘
6% - Transition Metals Metals have it !
▶
4.7.1 α Allotropes
α-Cobalt
4.7.2 β Allotropes
β-Cobalt
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Co
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.88
Rank: 12 (Overall) ▶
0.7
2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
0.62
2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.84
Rank: 10 (Overall) ▶
0.659
2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.12
Rank: 41 (Overall) ▶
1.46
3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
760.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 19 (Overall) ▶
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,648.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 31 (Overall) ▶
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
3,232.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 22 (Overall) ▶
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
4,950.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 19 (Overall) ▶
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
7,670.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall) ▶
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
9,840.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall) ▶
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
12,440.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall) ▶
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
15,230.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall) ▶
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
17,959.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall) ▶
14110
134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
26,570.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall) ▶
17100
144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
29,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall) ▶
19900
169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
32,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall) ▶
22219
189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
36,600.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall) ▶
26930
76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
39,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 9 (Overall) ▶
29196
86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
42,800.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall) ▶
41987
97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
49,396.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall) ▶
47206
109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
52,737.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall) ▶
52737
122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
134,810.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall) ▶
58570
134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
145,170.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall) ▶
64702
148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
154,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall) ▶
80400
171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
167,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall) ▶
87000
179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
178,100.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall) ▶
93400
184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
189,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall) ▶
98420
198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: 100 (Overall) ▶
104400
195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: 100 (Overall) ▶
121900
121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: 100 (Overall) ▶
127700
127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: 100 (Overall) ▶
133800
133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
139800
139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
148100
148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
154500
154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr
Rank: 57 (Overall) ▶
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
5.00 eV
Rank: 5 (Overall) ▶
2.14
5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d2 4s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
147.00 pm
Rank: 34 (Overall) ▶
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
160.00 pm
Rank: 30 (Overall) ▶
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm
Rank: 28 (Overall) ▶
139
348
6.6 Atomic Weight
47.87 amu
Rank: 78 (Overall) ▶
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
10.64 cm3/mol
Rank: 46 (Overall) ▶
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
95.20 (-eV)
Rank: 10 (Overall) ▶
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
295.08 pm
Rank: 61 (Overall) ▶
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
1.567
1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
4.51 g/cm3
Rank: 70 (Overall) ▶
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.11 g/cm3
Rank: 49 (Overall) ▶
0.512
20
7.2 Tensile Strength
434.00 MPa
Rank: 9 (Overall) ▶
2.5
11000
7.3 Viscosity
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
0.001526
0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
2.47E-11
121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.98 (Pa)
Rank: 14 (Overall) ▶
2.62E-10
774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
44.00 GPa
Rank: 17 (Overall) ▶
1.3
222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
110.00 GPa
Rank: 15 (Overall) ▶
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
116.00 GPa
Rank: 18 (Overall) ▶
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.32
Rank: 12 (Overall) ▶
0.032
0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
4,500.00
Rank: 1 (Overall) ▶
0.53
4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
1.25643E-06
0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
-0.000166
200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Poor Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
420.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 12 (Overall) ▶
0.18
961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
Rank: 42 (Overall) ▶
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
7.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 37 (Overall) ▶
0
222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.52 J/(kg K)
Rank: 9 (Overall) ▶
0.11
3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.06 J/mol·K
Rank: 44 (Overall) ▶
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
21.90 W/m·K
Rank: 43 (Overall) ▶
6.3
429
9.4 Critical Temperature
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
26.3
3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
8.60 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 45 (Overall) ▶
4.5
97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
429.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 15 (Overall) ▶
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
15.48 kJ/mol
Rank: 19 (Overall) ▶
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
468.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 15 (Overall) ▶
61.5
837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K
Rank: 56 (Overall) ▶
9.5
198.1