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Iron
Iron




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What is Iron?

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Periodic Table

Symbol

Fe

Group Number

8
Rank: 10 (Overall)
0 17
👆🏻

Period Number

4
Rank: 4 (Overall)
2 7
👆🏻

Block

d block

Element Family

Transition Metal

CAS Number

7439896
Rank: 88 (Overall)
7429905 54386242
👆🏻

Space Group Name

Im_ 3m

Space Group Number

229.00
Rank: 2 (Overall)
11 276
👆🏻

Facts

Interesting Facts

  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.

Sources

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals

History

Who Discovered

-

Discovery

Before 5000 BC

Abundance

Abundance In Universe

0.11 %
Rank: 1 (Overall)
0 0.11
👆🏻

Abundance In Sun

0.10 %
Rank: 1 (Overall)
0 0.1
👆🏻

Abundance In Meteorites

22.00 %
Rank: 1 (Overall)
0 22
👆🏻

Abundance In Earth's Crust

6.30 %
Rank: 2 (Overall)
1E-37 8.1
👆🏻

Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0 1.1
👆🏻

Abundance In Humans

0.01 %
Rank: 6 (Overall)
0 1.4
👆🏻

Uses

Uses & Benefits

  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.

Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Medical Uses

Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

Other Uses

Alloys, Sculptures, Statues

Biological Properties

Toxicity

Non Toxic

Present in Human Body

60% - Transition Metals Metals have it !

In Blood

447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 3 (Overall)
0 1970
👆🏻

In Bone

380.00 p.p.m.
Rank: 5 (Overall)
0 170000
👆🏻

Physical

Melting Point

1,535.00 °C
Rank: 25 (Overall)
-38.83 3410
👆🏻

Boiling Point

2,750.00 °C
Rank: 39 (Overall)
0 5660
👆🏻

Appearance

Physical State

Solid

Color

Gray

Luster

Metallic

Hardness

Mohs Hardness

4.00
Rank: 11 (Overall)
0.2 8.5
👆🏻

Brinell Hardness

200.00 MPa
Rank: 50 (Overall)
0.14 3490
👆🏻

Vickers Hardness

608.00 MPa
Rank: 27 (Overall)
0 3920
👆🏻

Speed of Sound

5,120.00 m/s
Rank: 12 (Overall)
818 16200
👆🏻

Optical Properties

Refractive Index

2.60
Rank: 4 (Overall)
0.155 3.41
👆🏻

Reflectivity

65.00 %
Rank: 18 (Overall)
5 97
👆🏻

Allotropes

6% - Transition Metals Metals have it !

α Allotropes

Ferrite (alpha Iron)

β Allotropes

beta Iron

γ Allotropes

gamma Iron

Chemical

Chemical Formula

Fe

Isotopes

Known Isotopes

26
Rank: 13 (Overall)
0 38
👆🏻

Electronegativity

Pauling Electronegativity

1.83
Rank: 15 (Overall)
0 2.6
👆🏻

Sanderson Electronegativity

2.20
Rank: 8 (Overall)
0.22 2.56
👆🏻

Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.64
Rank: 9 (Overall)
0.86 1.9
👆🏻

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.83
Rank: 16 (Overall)
0.62 2.48
👆🏻

Allen Electronegativity

1.80
Rank: 15 (Overall)
0.659 2.7
👆🏻

Electropositivity

Pauling Electropositivity

2.17
Rank: 41 (Overall)
1.46 3.3
👆🏻

Ionization Energies

1st Energy Level

762.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 17 (Overall)
375.7 26130
👆🏻

2nd Energy Level

1,561.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 37 (Overall)
392.8 28750
👆🏻

3rd Energy Level

2,957.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 29 (Overall)
392.8 34230
👆🏻

4th Energy Level

5,290.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 25 (Overall)
375.7 37066
👆🏻

5th Energy Level

7,240.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 25 (Overall)
392 97510
👆🏻

6th Energy Level

9,560.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 20 (Overall)
1007 105800
👆🏻

7th Energy level

12,060.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 15 (Overall)
1007 114300
👆🏻

8th Energy Level

14,580.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 14 (Overall)
730 125300
👆🏻

9th Energy Level

22,540.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
1007 134700
👆🏻

10th Energy Level

25,290.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall)
392 144300
👆🏻

11th Energy Level

28,000.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 9 (Overall)
392 169988
👆🏻

12th Energy Level

31,920.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 31 (Overall)
0 189368
👆🏻

13th Energy Level

34,830.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 9 (Overall)
1007 76015
👆🏻

14th Energy Level

37,840.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)
380 86450
👆🏻

15th Energy Level

44,100.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 79 (Overall)
33000 100700
👆🏻

16th Energy Level

47,206.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 64 (Overall)
375.7 109480
👆🏻

17th Energy Level

122,200.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
375.7 122200
👆🏻

18th Energy Level

131,000.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
0 134810
👆🏻

19th Energy Level

140,500.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)
375.7 148700
👆🏻

20th Energy Level

152,600.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
0 171200
👆🏻

21st Energy Level

163,000.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
375.7 179100
👆🏻

22nd Energy Level

173,600.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)
330 184900
👆🏻

23rd Energy Level

188,100.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)
357.6 198800
👆🏻

24th Energy Level

195,200.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
297.3 195200
👆🏻

25th Energy Level

762.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 15 (Overall)
0 121900
👆🏻

26th Energy Level

762.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 15 (Overall)
357.6 127700
👆🏻

27th Energy Level

762.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 14 (Overall)
0 133800
👆🏻

28th Energy Level

762.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 20 (Overall)
297.3 139800
👆🏻

29th Energy Level

762.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 20 (Overall)
0 148100
👆🏻

30th Energy Level

762.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 15 (Overall)
0 154500
👆🏻

Electrochemical Equivalent

0.69 g/amp-hr
Rank: 69 (Overall)
0.16812 8.3209
👆🏻

Electron Work Function

4.70 eV
Rank: 15 (Overall)
2.14 6
👆🏻

Other Chemical Properties

Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility

Atomic

Atomic Number

26
Rank: 80 (Overall)
3 117
👆🏻

Electron Configuration

[Ar] 3d6 4s2

Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

Crystal Lattice

Atom

Number of Protons

26
Rank: 79 (Overall)
3 117
👆🏻

Number of Neutrons

30
Rank: 61 (Overall)
4 285
👆🏻

Number of Electrons

26
Rank: 79 (Overall)
3 117
👆🏻

Radius of an Atom

Atomic Radius

126.00 pm
Rank: 50 (Overall)
0 348
👆🏻

Covalent Radius

132.00 pm
Rank: 50 (Overall)
0 260
👆🏻

Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm
Rank: 35 (Overall)
0 348
👆🏻

Atomic Weight

55.85 amu
Rank: 74 (Overall)
6.94 294
👆🏻

Atomic Volume

7.10 cm3/mol
Rank: 79 (Overall)
1.39 71.07
👆🏻

Adjacent Atomic Numbers

Previous Element

Next Element

Valence Electron Potential

67.00 (-eV)
Rank: 20 (Overall)
0 392.42
👆🏻

Lattice Constant

286.65 pm
Rank: 70 (Overall)
0 891.25
👆🏻

Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

Lattice C/A Ratio

1.35
Rank: 53 (Overall)
0.423 1.9
👆🏻

Mechanical

Density

Density At Room Temperature

7.87 g/cm3
Rank: 57 (Overall)
0.534 40.7
👆🏻

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

6.98 g/cm3
Rank: 64 (Overall)
0.512 41
👆🏻

Tensile Strength

11,000.00 MPa
Rank: 1 (Overall)
0.1 11000
👆🏻

Viscosity

0.00
Rank: 19 (Overall)
1.5E-05 0.0035
👆🏻

Vapor Pressure

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 30 (Overall)
0 121
👆🏻

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

36.80 (Pa)
Rank: 5 (Overall)
0 774
👆🏻

Elasticity properties

Shear Modulus

82.00 GPa
Rank: 11 (Overall)
1.3 222
👆🏻

Bulk Modulus

170.00 GPa
Rank: 10 (Overall)
0 462
👆🏻

Young's Modulus

211.00 GPa
Rank: 9 (Overall)
0 528
👆🏻

Poisson Ratio

0.29
Rank: 15 (Overall)
0.032 0.47
👆🏻

Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable, Weldable

Magnetic

Magnetic Characteristics

Specific Gravity

7.20
Rank: 61 (Overall)
0.53 4500
👆🏻

Magnetic Ordering

Ferromagnetic

Permeability

0.01 H/m
Rank: 1 (Overall)
1.25643E-06 0.0063
👆🏻

Susceptibility

200,000.00
Rank: 1 (Overall)
-0.000166 200000
👆🏻

Electrical Properties

Electrical Property

Conductor

Resistivity

96.10 nΩ·m
Rank: 32 (Overall)
0.1 961
👆🏻

Electrical Conductivity

0.10 106/cm Ω
Rank: 24 (Overall)
0 0.63
👆🏻

Electron Affinity

15.70 kJ/mol
Rank: 40 (Overall)
0 222.8
👆🏻

Thermal

Specific Heat

0.44 J/(kg K)
Rank: 13 (Overall)
0.1 3.6
👆🏻

Molar Heat Capacity

25.10 J/mol·K
Rank: 52 (Overall)
13.1 62.7
👆🏻

Thermal Conductivity

80.40 W/m·K
Rank: 22 (Overall)
0 429
👆🏻

Critical Temperature

1,811.00 K
Rank: 29 (Overall)
26.3 3695
👆🏻

Thermal Expansion

11.80 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 44 (Overall)
4.5 97
👆🏻

Enthalpy

Enthalpy of Vaporization

351.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 33 (Overall)
7.32 799.1
👆🏻

Enthalpy of Fusion

14.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 23 (Overall)
2.1 35.23
👆🏻

Enthalpy of Atomization

414.20 kJ/mol
Rank: 24 (Overall)
61.5 837
👆🏻

Standard Molar Entropy

27.30 J/mol.K
Rank: 73 (Overall)
9.5 198.1
👆🏻