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Iron
Iron




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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

Fe

1.2 Group Number

8
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Gadolinium
0 17

1.3 Period Number

4
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Lithium
2 7

1.4 Block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

7439896
Rank: 88 (Overall)
Aluminium
7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Im_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

229.00
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Plutonium
11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.

2.2 Sources

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Unknown

2.3.2 Discovery

Before 5000 BC

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

1.1 * 10-1 %
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Thallium
5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.1 %
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

22.00 %
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Gold
1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

6.30 %
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

0.01 %
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Radium
1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Sculptures, Statues

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

60% - Transition Metals Metals have it !

3.2.3 In Blood

447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Plutonium
0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

380.00 p.p.m.
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Plutonium
0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

1,535.00 °C
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Francium
27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,750.00 °C
Rank: 37 (Overall)
Flerovium
147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Gray

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

4.00
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Cesium
0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

200.00 MPa
Rank: 40 (Overall)
Cesium
0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

608.00 MPa
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Palladium
121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

5,120.00 m/s
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Thallium
818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

65.00 %
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Molybdenum
58 97

4.7 Allotropes

6% - Transition Metals Metals have it !

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Ferrite (alpha Iron)

4.7.2 β Allotropes

beta Iron

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

gamma Iron

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

Fe

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

26
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Tennessine
0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.83
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Francium
0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

2.20
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Cesium
0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.64
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Cesium
0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

1.80
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Cesium
0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.17
Rank: 40 (Overall)
Gold
1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

762.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Cesium
375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,561.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

2,957.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 29 (Overall)
Osmium
1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

5,290.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Thorium
2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

7,240.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Dubnium
4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

9,560.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

12,060.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Bohrium
7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

14,580.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Hassium
8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

22,540.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Yttrium
14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

25,290.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Strontium
17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

28,000.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Yttrium
19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

31,920.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Molybdenum
22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

34,830.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Molybdenum
26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

37,840.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Molybdenum
29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

44,100.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Manganese
41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

47,206.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Copper
47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

122,200.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Cobalt
52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

131,000.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Nickel
58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

140,500.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Copper
64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

152,600.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Molybdenum
80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

163,000.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Molybdenum
87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

173,600.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Molybdenum
93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

188,100.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Molybdenum
98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

195,200.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Molybdenum
104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: 100 (Overall)
Molybdenum
121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: 100 (Overall)
Molybdenum
127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

0.69 g/amp-hr
Rank: 65 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

4.70 eV
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Cesium
2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

26
Rank: 80 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Ar] 3d6 4s2

6.3 Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

26
Rank: 79 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

30
Rank: 60 (Overall)
Lithium
4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

26
Rank: 79 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

126.00 pm
Rank: 48 (Overall)
Beryllium
112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

132.00 pm
Rank: 48 (Overall)
Beryllium
96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm
Rank: 28 (Overall)
Zinc
139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

55.85 amu
Rank: 74 (Overall)
Lithium
6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

7.10 cm3/mol
Rank: 61 (Overall)
Manganese
1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

67.00 (-eV)
Rank: 20 (Overall)
Francium
8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

286.65 pm
Rank: 63 (Overall)
Beryllium
228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium
1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

7.87 g/cm3
Rank: 52 (Overall)
Lithium
0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

6.98 g/cm3
Rank: 35 (Overall)
Lithium
0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

11,000.00 MPa
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Indium
2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 28 (Overall)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

36.80 (Pa)
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

82.00 GPa
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Potassium
1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

170.00 GPa
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Cesium
1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

211.00 GPa
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Cesium
1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.29
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable, Weldable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

7.20
Rank: 45 (Overall)
Lithium
0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Ferromagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

6.3 * 10-3 H/m
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

2,00,000.00
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

96.10 nΩ·m
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Thallium
0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.10 106/cm Ω
Rank: 20 (Overall)
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

15.70 kJ/mol
Rank: 34 (Overall)
Mercury
0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

0.44 J/(kg K)
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Americium
0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

25.10 J/mol·K
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Beryllium
16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

80.40 W/m·K
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Neptunium
6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ytterbium
26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

11.80 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 33 (Overall)
Tungsten
4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

351.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Zinc
7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

14.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Cesium
2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

414.20 kJ/mol
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Mercury
61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

27.30 J/mol.K
Rank: 56 (Overall)
Beryllium
9.5 198.1