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Cerium
Cerium




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What is Cerium?

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

Ce

1.2 Group Number

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Gadolinium
0 17

1.3 Period Number

6
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Lithium
2 7

1.4 Block

f block

1.5 Element Family

Lanthanide

1.6 CAS Number

7440451
Rank: 41 (Overall)
Aluminium
7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Plutonium
11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.

2.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1803

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

1 * 10-6 %
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Thallium
5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000004 %
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Gold
1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.01 %
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %
Rank: 33 (Overall)
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Radium
1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Chemical Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Medical Research

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Moderately Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

27% - Lanthanide Series Metals have it !

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Plutonium
0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

2.70 p.p.m.
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Plutonium
0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

795.00 °C
Rank: 56 (Overall)
Francium
27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

3,257.00 °C
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Flerovium
147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silvery White

4.3.3 Luster

Lustrous

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

2.50
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Cesium
0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

186.00 MPa
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Cesium
0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

210.00 MPa
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Palladium
121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

2,100.00 m/s
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Thallium
818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
58 97

4.7 Allotropes

No - Lanthanide Series Metals has it !

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

Ce

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

30
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Tennessine
0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.12
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Francium
0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.08
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Cesium
0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.88
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Gold
1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

534.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 76 (Overall)
Cesium
375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,050.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 78 (Overall)
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

1,949.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 78 (Overall)
Osmium
1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

3,547.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 55 (Overall)
Thorium
2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

6,325.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Dubnium
4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

7,490.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bohrium
7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Hassium
8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium
14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Strontium
17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium
19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Manganese
41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Iron
47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cobalt
52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nickel
58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Copper
64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.74 g/amp-hr
Rank: 41 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

2.84 eV
Rank: 39 (Overall)
Cesium
2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

58
Rank: 58 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2

6.3 Crystal Structure

Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

58
Rank: 57 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

82
Rank: 41 (Overall)
Lithium
4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

58
Rank: 57 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

181.80 pm
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Beryllium
112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

204.00 pm
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Beryllium
96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

235.00 pm
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Zinc
139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

140.12 amu
Rank: 52 (Overall)
Lithium
6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

20.67 cm3/mol
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Manganese
1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

41.78 (-eV)
Rank: 45 (Overall)
Francium
8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

362.00 pm
Rank: 34 (Overall)
Beryllium
228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium
1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

6.77 g/cm3
Rank: 63 (Overall)
Lithium
0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

6.55 g/cm3
Rank: 38 (Overall)
Lithium
0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Indium
2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 34 (Overall)
Palladium
2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

1.04 (Pa)
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

13.50 GPa
Rank: 41 (Overall)
Potassium
1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

21.50 GPa
Rank: 42 (Overall)
Cesium
1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

33.60 GPa
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Cesium
1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.24
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

6.77
Rank: 50 (Overall)
Lithium
0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

828.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Thallium
0.18 961

1.2.1 Electrical Conductivity

0.01 106/cm Ω
Rank: 54 (Overall)
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63

1.3.1 Electron Affinity

50.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Mercury
0 222.8

2 Thermal

2.1 Specific Heat

0.19 J/(kg K)
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Americium
0.11 3.6

2.4 Molar Heat Capacity

26.94 J/mol·K
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Beryllium
16.443 62.7

3.5 Thermal Conductivity

11.30 W/m·K
Rank: 61 (Overall)
Neptunium
6.3 429

3.6 Critical Temperature

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ytterbium
26.3 3223

3.7 Thermal Expansion

6.30 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 52 (Overall)
Tungsten
4.5 97

3.8 Enthalpy

3.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

414.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Zinc
7.32 799.1

3.8.3 Enthalpy of Fusion

5.46 kJ/mol
Rank: 52 (Overall)
Cesium
2.1 35.23

3.8.5 Enthalpy of Atomization

381.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Mercury
61.5 837

4.3 Standard Molar Entropy

72.00 J/mol.K
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Beryllium
9.5 198.1