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Cerium
Cerium




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Ce Element

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

Ce

1.2 Group Number

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Gadolinium Metal
0 17

1.3 Period Number

6
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
2 7

1.4 Block

f block

1.5 Element Family

Lanthanide

1.6 CAS Number

7440451
Rank: 41 (Overall)
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.

2.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1803

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

1 * 10-6 %
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000004 %
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.01 %
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %
Rank: 33 (Overall)
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Chemical Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Medical Research

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Moderately Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

27% - Lanthanide Series Metals have it !

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

2.70 p.p.m.
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

795.00 °C
Rank: 56 (Overall)
Francium Metal
27 3410

1.2 Boiling Point

3,257.00 °C
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Flerovium Metal
147 5660

1.4 Appearance

1.4.1 Physical State

Solid

1.4.2 Color

Silvery White

1.4.3 Luster

Lustrous

1.5 Hardness

1.5.1 Mohs Hardness

2.50
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5

1.7.2 Brinell Hardness

186.00 MPa
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490

1.7.4 Vickers Hardness

210.00 MPa
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Palladium Metal
121 3430

1.8 Speed of Sound

2,100.00 m/s
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Thallium Metal
818 16200

1.9 Optical Properties

1.9.1 Refractive Index

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229

1.9.2 Reflectivity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
58 97

1.11 Allotropes

No - Lanthanide Series Metals has it !

1.11.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

1.11.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

1.11.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

2 Chemical

2.1 Chemical Formula

Ce

2.2 Isotopes

2.2.1 Known Isotopes

30
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Tennessine Metal
0 38

2.3 Electronegativity

2.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.12
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54

2.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56

2.4.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.08
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82

2.4.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48

2.5.4 Allen Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7

2.6 Electropositivity

2.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.88
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3

2.7 Ionization Energies

2.7.1 1st Energy Level

534.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 76 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130

2.7.2 2nd Energy Level

1,050.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 78 (Overall)
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750

2.7.3 3rd Energy Level

1,949.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 78 (Overall)
Osmium Metal
1600 34230

2.7.4 4th Energy Level

3,547.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 55 (Overall)
Thorium Metal
2780 37066

2.7.5 5th Energy Level

6,325.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510

2.7.6 6th Energy Level

7,490.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800

2.7.7 7th Energy level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300

2.7.8 8th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300

2.7.9 9th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700

2.7.10 10th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Strontium Metal
17100 144300

2.7.11 11th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988

2.7.12 12th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368

2.7.13 13th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015

2.7.14 14th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450

2.7.15 15th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Manganese Metal
41987 97510

2.7.16 16th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Iron Metal
47206 109480

2.7.17 17th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200

2.7.18 18th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nickel Metal
58570 134810

2.7.19 19th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Copper Metal
64702 148700

2.7.20 20th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200

2.7.21 21st Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100

2.7.22 22nd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900

2.7.23 23rd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800

2.7.24 24th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200

2.7.25 25th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900

2.7.26 26th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700

2.7.27 27th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800

2.7.28 28th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800

2.7.29 29th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100

2.7.30 30th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500

2.8 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.74 g/amp-hr
Rank: 41 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209

2.9 Electron Work Function

2.84 eV
Rank: 39 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65

2.10 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

3 Atomic

3.1 Atomic Number

58
Rank: 58 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
3 117

3.2 Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2

3.3 Crystal Structure

Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)

3.3.1 Crystal Lattice

3.4 Atom

3.4.1 Number of Protons

58
Rank: 57 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
3 117

3.4.2 Number of Neutrons

82
Rank: 41 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
4 184

3.4.3 Number of Electrons

58
Rank: 57 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
3 117

3.5 Radius of an Atom

3.5.1 Atomic Radius

181.80 pm
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
112 265

3.5.2 Covalent Radius

204.00 pm
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
96 260

3.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

235.00 pm
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Zinc Metal
139 348

3.6 Atomic Weight

140.12 amu
Rank: 52 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
6.94 294

3.7 Atomic Volume

20.67 cm3/mol
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07

3.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

3.8.1 Previous Element

3.8.2 Next Element

3.9 Valence Electron Potential

41.78 (-eV)
Rank: 45 (Overall)
Francium Metal
8 392.42

3.10 Lattice Constant

362.00 pm
Rank: 34 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25

3.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

3.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886

4 Mechanical

4.1 Density

4.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

6.77 g/cm3
Rank: 63 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7

4.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

6.55 g/cm3
Rank: 38 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
0.512 20

4.2 Tensile Strength

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Indium Metal
2.5 11000

4.3 Viscosity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526

4.4 Vapor Pressure

4.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 34 (Overall)
Palladium
2.47E-11 121

4.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

1.04 (Pa)
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774

4.5 Elasticity properties

4.5.1 Shear Modulus

13.50 GPa
Rank: 41 (Overall)
Potassium Metal
1.3 222

4.5.2 Bulk Modulus

21.50 GPa
Rank: 42 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
1.6 462

4.5.3 Young's Modulus

33.60 GPa
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
1.7 528

4.6 Poisson Ratio

0.24
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47

4.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

5 Magnetic

5.1 Magnetic Characteristics

5.1.1 Specific Gravity

6.77
Rank: 50 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500

5.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

5.1.3 Permeability

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063

5.1.4 Susceptibility

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000

5.2 Electrical Properties

5.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

5.2.2 Resistivity

828.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Thallium Metal
0.18 961

5.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.01 106/cm Ω
Rank: 54 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63

5.2.4 Electron Affinity

50.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Mercury Metal
0 222.8

6 Thermal

6.1 Specific Heat

0.19 J/(kg K)
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6

6.2 Molar Heat Capacity

26.94 J/mol·K
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7

6.3 Thermal Conductivity

11.30 W/m·K
Rank: 61 (Overall)
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429

6.4 Critical Temperature

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223

6.5 Thermal Expansion

6.30 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 52 (Overall)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97

6.6 Enthalpy

6.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

414.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1

6.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

5.46 kJ/mol
Rank: 52 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23

6.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

381.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Mercury Metal
61.5 837

6.7 Standard Molar Entropy

72.00 J/mol.K
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1