1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
4.2 Period Number
4.4 Block
4.5 Element Family
4.6 CAS Number
74404517440462
7429905
54386242
5.2 Space Group Name
5.3 Space Group Number
6 Facts
6.1 Interesting Facts
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
Not Available
6.3 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
6.4 History
6.4.1 Who Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
6.4.2 Discovery
6.5 Abundance
6.5.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %8 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
6.7.4 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %~0.0000008 %
1E-08
0.1
8.2.2 Abundance In Meteorites
9.3.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
10.2.1 Abundance In Oceans
10.3.2 Abundance In Humans
11 Uses
11.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
- The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
-
In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
11.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
11.1.3 Medical Uses
11.1.4 Other Uses
11.2 Biological Properties
11.2.1 Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
Mildly Toxic
11.2.2 Present in Human Body
11.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
11.5.2 In Bone
2.70 p.p.m.0.05 p.p.m.
0
170000
12 Physical
12.1 Melting Point
795.00 °C28.50 °C
27
3410
12.2 Boiling Point
3,257.00 °C678.40 °C
147
5660
12.4 Appearance
12.4.1 Physical State
12.4.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gold
12.4.3 Luster
12.5 Hardness
12.5.1 Mohs Hardness
12.5.4 Brinell Hardness
186.00 MPa0.14 MPa
0.14
3490
12.6.5 Vickers Hardness
13.3 Speed of Sound
13.5 Optical Properties
13.5.1 Refractive Index
13.5.3 Reflectivity
13.6 Allotropes
13.6.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
13.6.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
13.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
14 Chemical
14.1 Chemical Formula
14.2 Isotopes
14.2.1 Known Isotopes
14.3 Electronegativity
14.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
14.3.5 Sanderson Electronegativity
14.3.10 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
14.4.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
14.6.1 Allen Electronegativity
15.5 Electropositivity
15.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
15.6 Ionization Energies
15.6.1 1st Energy Level
534.40 kJ/mol375.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
15.6.4 2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol2,234.30 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
15.7.3 3rd Energy Level
1,949.00 kJ/mol3,400.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
15.8.1 4th Energy Level
3,547.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
15.9.2 5th Energy Level
6,325.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
15.11.2 6th Energy Level
7,490.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
15.14.1 7th Energy level
16.1.3 8th Energy Level
16.1.6 9th Energy Level
16.2.1 10th Energy Level
16.3.1 11th Energy Level
16.4.3 12th Energy Level
16.4.6 13th Energy Level
16.5.3 14th Energy Level
16.5.6 15th Energy Level
16.5.10 16th Energy Level
16.5.12 17th Energy Level
16.6.2 18th Energy Level
17.1.3 19th Energy Level
17.1.7 20th Energy Level
17.1.10 21st Energy Level
17.2.3 22nd Energy Level
17.2.5 23rd Energy Level
17.2.8 24th Energy Level
17.2.10 25th Energy Level
17.2.13 26th Energy Level
17.2.15 27th Energy Level
18.1.1 28th Energy Level
18.1.3 29th Energy Level
18.2.2 30th Energy Level
18.4 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.74 g/amp-hr4.96 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
1.3 Electron Work Function
1.7 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
2 Atomic
2.1 Atomic Number
3.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
[Xe] 6s1
3.4 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
3.4.1 Crystal Lattice
3.5 Atom
3.5.1 Number of Protons
3.9.2 Number of Neutrons
3.9.6 Number of Electrons
3.10 Radius of an Atom
3.10.1 Atomic Radius
181.80 pm265.00 pm
112
265
3.11.1 Covalent Radius
204.00 pm244.00 pm
96
260
3.12.2 Van der Waals Radius
235.00 pm343.00 pm
139
348
3.13 Atomic Weight
140.12 amu132.91 amu
6.94
294
3.14 Atomic Volume
20.67 cm3/mol71.07 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
3.16 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
3.16.1 Previous Element
3.16.2 Next Element
3.17 Valence Electron Potential
41.78 (-eV)8.62 (-eV)
8
392.42
3.19 Lattice Constant
362.00 pm614.10 pm
228.58
891.25
3.22 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
3.23 Lattice C/A Ratio
4 Mechanical
4.1 Density
4.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm31.93 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
4.4.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.55 g/cm31.84 g/cm3
0.512
20
5.2 Tensile Strength
5.3 Viscosity
5.4 Vapor Pressure
5.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
5.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
5.7 Elasticity properties
5.7.1 Shear Modulus
5.8.3 Bulk Modulus
21.50 GPa1.60 GPa
1.6
462
5.9.2 Young's Modulus
33.60 GPa1.70 GPa
1.7
528
5.10 Poisson Ratio
5.11 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile
6 Magnetic
6.1 Magnetic Characteristics
6.1.1 Specific Gravity
6.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
6.1.4 Permeability
6.2.1 Susceptibility
7.2 Electrical Properties
7.2.1 Electrical Property
7.2.2 Resistivity
828.00 nΩ·m205.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
7.2.5 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.05 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
7.3.3 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol45.50 kJ/mol
0
222.8
8 Thermal
8.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
8.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.94 J/mol·K32.21 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
8.3 Thermal Conductivity
11.30 W/m·K35.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
9.2 Critical Temperature
9.4 Thermal Expansion
6.30 µm/(m·K)97.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
414.00 kJ/mol65.90 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
9.7.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
5.46 kJ/mol2.10 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
9.8.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
381.00 kJ/mol78.20 kJ/mol
61.5
837
9.10 Standard Molar Entropy
72.00 J/mol.K85.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1