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Terbium
Terbium




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What is Terbium?

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

Tb

1.2 Group Number

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Gadolinium
0 17

1.3 Period Number

6
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Lithium
2 7

1.4 Block

f block

1.5 Element Family

Lanthanide

1.6 CAS Number

7440279
Rank: 53 (Overall)
Aluminium
7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Plutonium
11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

  • At times Terbium metal acts same as Calcium.
  • Terbium metal closely similar to Lanthanum metal.

2.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Found with Other Rare Earth Metals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Carl Gustaf Mosander

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1842

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

5 * 10-8 %
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Thallium
5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.00000001 %
Rank: 29 (Overall)
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %
Rank: 46 (Overall)
Gold
1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %
Rank: 40 (Overall)
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Radium
1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

  • Terbium salts are used in optical devices like laser devices.
  • Terbium’s alloy lengthens and shortens the magnetic field and this effect forms loudspeaker.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

NA

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Low Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

27% - Lanthanide Series Metals have it !

3.2.3 In Blood

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Plutonium
0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Plutonium
0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

1,356.00 °C
Rank: 33 (Overall)
Francium
27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

3,123.00 °C
Rank: 29 (Overall)
Flerovium
147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silvery White

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

677.00 MPa
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Cesium
0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

863.00 MPa
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Palladium
121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

2,620.00 m/s
Rank: 35 (Overall)
Thallium
818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
58 97

4.7 Allotropes

No - Lanthanide Series Metals has it !

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

Tb

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

26
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Tennessine
0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Francium
0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.10
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Cesium
0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Gold
1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

603.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 51 (Overall)
Cesium
375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,174.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 64 (Overall)
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

2,417.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 49 (Overall)
Osmium
1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

4,203.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Thorium
2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Dubnium
4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bohrium
7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Hassium
8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium
14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Strontium
17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium
19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Manganese
41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Iron
47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cobalt
52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nickel
58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Copper
64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.98 g/amp-hr
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

3.00 eV
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Cesium
2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

65
Rank: 51 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f9 6s2

6.3 Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

65
Rank: 50 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

94
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Lithium
4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

65
Rank: 50 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

177.00 pm
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Beryllium
112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

194.00 pm
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Beryllium
96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

221.00 pm
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Zinc
139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

158.93 amu
Rank: 46 (Overall)
Lithium
6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

19.20 cm3/mol
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Manganese
1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

46.80 (-eV)
Rank: 33 (Overall)
Francium
8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

360.10 pm
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Beryllium
228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

1.58
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Beryllium
1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

8.23 g/cm3
Rank: 50 (Overall)
Lithium
0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

7.65 g/cm3
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Lithium
0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

60.00 MPa
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Indium
2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 29 (Overall)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

12.50 (Pa)
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

22.10 GPa
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Potassium
1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

38.70 GPa
Rank: 33 (Overall)
Cesium
1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

55.70 GPa
Rank: 34 (Overall)
Cesium
1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.26
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

8.23
Rank: 39 (Overall)
Lithium
0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

1.15 nΩ·m
Rank: 60 (Overall)
Thallium
0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.01 106/cm Ω
Rank: 59 (Overall)
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

50.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Mercury
0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

0.18 J/(kg K)
Rank: 33 (Overall)
Americium
0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

28.91 J/mol·K
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Beryllium
16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

11.10 W/m·K
Rank: 62 (Overall)
Neptunium
6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ytterbium
26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

10.30 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 38 (Overall)
Tungsten
4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

330.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 26 (Overall)
Zinc
7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

10.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 34 (Overall)
Cesium
2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

314.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 33 (Overall)
Mercury
61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

73.20 J/mol.K
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Beryllium
9.5 198.1