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Aluminium
Aluminium




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What is Aluminium?

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Periodic Table

Symbol

Al

Group Number

13
Rank: 5 (Overall)
0 17
👆🏻

Period Number

3
Rank: 5 (Overall)
2 7
👆🏻

Block

p block

Element Family

Post-​Transition

CAS Number

7429905
Rank: 92 (Overall)
7429905 54386242
👆🏻

Space Group Name

Fm_ 3m

Space Group Number

225.00
Rank: 3 (Overall)
11 276
👆🏻

Facts

Interesting Facts

  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.

Sources

By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining

History

Who Discovered

Hans Christian Oersted

Discovery

In 1825

Abundance

Abundance In Universe

0.01 %
Rank: 6 (Overall)
0 0.11
👆🏻

Abundance In Sun

0.01 %
Rank: 5 (Overall)
0 0.1
👆🏻

Abundance In Meteorites

0.91 %
Rank: 5 (Overall)
0 22
👆🏻

Abundance In Earth's Crust

8.10 %
Rank: 1 (Overall)
1E-37 8.1
👆🏻

Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %
Rank: 6 (Overall)
0 1.1
👆🏻

Abundance In Humans

0.00 %
Rank: 11 (Overall)
0 1.4
👆🏻

Uses

Uses & Benefits

  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.

Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Medical Uses

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

Other Uses

Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues

Biological Properties

Toxicity

Non Toxic

Present in Human Body

68% - Post Transition Metals Metals have it !

In Blood

0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 9 (Overall)
0 1970
👆🏻

In Bone

27.00 p.p.m.
Rank: 11 (Overall)
0 170000
👆🏻

Physical

Melting Point

660.37 °C
Rank: 60 (Overall)
-38.83 3410
👆🏻

Boiling Point

2,467.00 °C
Rank: 48 (Overall)
0 5660
👆🏻

Appearance

Physical State

Solid

Color

Silvery Gray

Luster

Metallic

Hardness

Mohs Hardness

2.75
Rank: 14 (Overall)
0.2 8.5
👆🏻

Brinell Hardness

160.00 MPa
Rank: 56 (Overall)
0.14 3490
👆🏻

Vickers Hardness

160.00 MPa
Rank: 58 (Overall)
0 3920
👆🏻

Speed of Sound

5,000.00 m/s
Rank: 14 (Overall)
818 16200
👆🏻

Optical Properties

Refractive Index

1.61
Rank: 31 (Overall)
0.155 3.41
👆🏻

Reflectivity

71.00 %
Rank: 12 (Overall)
5 97
👆🏻

Allotropes

12% - Post Transition Metals Metals

α Allotropes

-

β Allotropes

-

γ Allotropes

-

Chemical

Chemical Formula

Al

Isotopes

Known Isotopes

11
Rank: 27 (Overall)
0 38
👆🏻

Electronegativity

Pauling Electronegativity

1.61
Rank: 23 (Overall)
0 2.6
👆🏻

Sanderson Electronegativity

1.71
Rank: 16 (Overall)
0.22 2.56
👆🏻

Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.47
Rank: 15 (Overall)
0.86 1.9
👆🏻

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.83
Rank: 16 (Overall)
0.62 2.48
👆🏻

Allen Electronegativity

1.61
Rank: 23 (Overall)
0.659 2.7
👆🏻

Electropositivity

Pauling Electropositivity

2.39
Rank: 32 (Overall)
1.46 3.3
👆🏻

Ionization Energies

1st Energy Level

577.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 66 (Overall)
375.7 26130
👆🏻

2nd Energy Level

1,816.70 kJ/mol
Rank: 20 (Overall)
392.8 28750
👆🏻

3rd Energy Level

2,744.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 39 (Overall)
392.8 34230
👆🏻

4th Energy Level

11,577.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)
375.7 37066
👆🏻

5th Energy Level

14,842.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
392 97510
👆🏻

6th Energy Level

18,379.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
1007 105800
👆🏻

7th Energy level

23,326.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
1007 114300
👆🏻

8th Energy Level

27,465.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
730 125300
👆🏻

9th Energy Level

31,853.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
1007 134700
👆🏻

10th Energy Level

38,473.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)
392 144300
👆🏻

11th Energy Level

42,647.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
392 169988
👆🏻

12th Energy Level

5,770.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 66 (Overall)
0 189368
👆🏻

13th Energy Level

5,770.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 54 (Overall)
1007 76015
👆🏻

14th Energy Level

577.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 86 (Overall)
380 86450
👆🏻

15th Energy Level

57,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 55 (Overall)
33000 100700
👆🏻

16th Energy Level

577.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 81 (Overall)
375.7 109480
👆🏻

17th Energy Level

577.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 69 (Overall)
375.7 122200
👆🏻

18th Energy Level

5,775.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 57 (Overall)
0 134810
👆🏻

19th Energy Level

577.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 67 (Overall)
375.7 148700
👆🏻

20th Energy Level

577.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 61 (Overall)
0 171200
👆🏻

21st Energy Level

577.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 72 (Overall)
375.7 179100
👆🏻

22nd Energy Level

577.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 56 (Overall)
330 184900
👆🏻

23rd Energy Level

577.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 71 (Overall)
357.6 198800
👆🏻

24th Energy Level

577.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 58 (Overall)
297.3 195200
👆🏻

25th Energy Level

577.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 58 (Overall)
0 121900
👆🏻

26th Energy Level

577.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 65 (Overall)
357.6 127700
👆🏻

27th Energy Level

577.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 61 (Overall)
0 133800
👆🏻

28th Energy Level

577.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 65 (Overall)
297.3 139800
👆🏻

29th Energy Level

577.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 67 (Overall)
0 148100
👆🏻

30th Energy Level

577.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 62 (Overall)
0 154500
👆🏻

Electrochemical Equivalent

0.34 g/amp-hr
Rank: 76 (Overall)
0.16812 8.3209
👆🏻

Electron Work Function

4.28 eV
Rank: 26 (Overall)
2.14 6
👆🏻

Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

Atomic

Atomic Number

13
Rank: 88 (Overall)
3 117
👆🏻

Electron Configuration

[Ne] 3s2 3p1

Crystal Structure

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

Crystal Lattice

Atom

Number of Protons

13
Rank: 87 (Overall)
3 117
👆🏻

Number of Neutrons

14
Rank: 66 (Overall)
4 285
👆🏻

Number of Electrons

13
Rank: 87 (Overall)
3 117
👆🏻

Radius of an Atom

Atomic Radius

143.00 pm
Rank: 39 (Overall)
0 348
👆🏻

Covalent Radius

121.00 pm
Rank: 56 (Overall)
0 260
👆🏻

Van der Waals Radius

184.00 pm
Rank: 41 (Overall)
0 348
👆🏻

Atomic Weight

26.98 amu
Rank: 82 (Overall)
6.94 294
👆🏻

Atomic Volume

10.00 cm3/mol
Rank: 67 (Overall)
1.39 71.07
👆🏻

Adjacent Atomic Numbers

Previous Element

Next Element

Valence Electron Potential

80.70 (-eV)
Rank: 17 (Overall)
0 392.42
👆🏻

Lattice Constant

404.95 pm
Rank: 25 (Overall)
0 891.25
👆🏻

Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

Lattice C/A Ratio

1.58
Rank: 34 (Overall)
0.423 1.9
👆🏻

Mechanical

Density

Density At Room Temperature

2.70 g/cm3
Rank: 79 (Overall)
0.534 40.7
👆🏻

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

2.38 g/cm3
Rank: 81 (Overall)
0.512 41
👆🏻

Tensile Strength

40.00 MPa
Rank: 42 (Overall)
0.1 11000
👆🏻

Viscosity

0.00
Rank: 23 (Overall)
1.5E-05 0.0035
👆🏻

Vapor Pressure

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 19 (Overall)
0 121
👆🏻

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 37 (Overall)
0 774
👆🏻

Elasticity properties

Shear Modulus

26.00 GPa
Rank: 36 (Overall)
1.3 222
👆🏻

Bulk Modulus

76.00 GPa
Rank: 19 (Overall)
0 462
👆🏻

Young's Modulus

70.00 GPa
Rank: 30 (Overall)
0 528
👆🏻

Poisson Ratio

0.35
Rank: 9 (Overall)
0.032 0.47
👆🏻

Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

Magnetic

Magnetic Characteristics

Specific Gravity

2.72
Rank: 78 (Overall)
0.53 4500
👆🏻

Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Permeability

0.00 H/m
Rank: 18 (Overall)
1.25643E-06 0.0063
👆🏻

Susceptibility

0.00
Rank: 11 (Overall)
-0.000166 200000
👆🏻

Electrical Properties

Electrical Property

Conductor

Resistivity

28.20 nΩ·m
Rank: 50 (Overall)
0.1 961
👆🏻

Electrical Conductivity

0.38 106/cm Ω
Rank: 4 (Overall)
0 0.63
👆🏻

Electron Affinity

42.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 31 (Overall)
0 222.8
👆🏻

Thermal

Specific Heat

0.90 J/(kg K)
Rank: 5 (Overall)
0.1 3.6
👆🏻

Molar Heat Capacity

24.20 J/mol·K
Rank: 62 (Overall)
13.1 62.7
👆🏻

Thermal Conductivity

237.00 W/m·K
Rank: 4 (Overall)
0 429
👆🏻

Critical Temperature

933.00 K
Rank: 62 (Overall)
26.3 3695
👆🏻

Thermal Expansion

23.10 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 18 (Overall)
4.5 97
👆🏻

Enthalpy

Enthalpy of Vaporization

293.70 kJ/mol
Rank: 49 (Overall)
7.32 799.1
👆🏻

Enthalpy of Fusion

10.67 kJ/mol
Rank: 41 (Overall)
2.1 35.23
👆🏻

Enthalpy of Atomization

322.20 kJ/mol
Rank: 41 (Overall)
61.5 837
👆🏻

Standard Molar Entropy

28.30 J/mol.K
Rank: 72 (Overall)
9.5 198.1
👆🏻

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