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Aluminium
Aluminium




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What is Aluminium?

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

Al

1.2 Group Number

13
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Gadolinium
0 17

1.3 Period Number

3
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Lithium
2 7

1.4 Block

p block

1.5 Element Family

Post-​Transition

1.6 CAS Number

7429905
Rank: 92 (Overall)
Palladium
7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Fm_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

225.00
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Plutonium
11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

  • Aluminum’s abundance percentage is more as it is found in more than 260 minerals.
  • Pure Aluminum always reacts with oxygen rapidly.
  • It is a good conductor of heat and electricity and used in transmission lines.

2.2 Sources

By Electrolysis Process, Earth's crust, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Hans Christian Oersted

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1825

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

5 * 10-3 %
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Thallium
5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.006 %
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.91 %
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Gold
1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

8.10 %
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

0.00 %
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Radium
1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

  • Aluminum is used in a various products; for example, cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aero plane parts, automobile parts, etc.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

70% - Post Transition Metals Metals have it !

3.2.3 In Blood

0.39 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Plutonium
0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

27.00 p.p.m.
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Plutonium
0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

660.37 °C
Rank: 60 (Overall)
Francium
27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,467.00 °C
Rank: 46 (Overall)
Flerovium
147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silvery Gray

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

2.75
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Cesium
0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

160.00 MPa
Rank: 45 (Overall)
Cesium
0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

160.00 MPa
Rank: 35 (Overall)
Palladium
121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

5,000.00 m/s
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Thallium
818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

71.00 %
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Molybdenum
58 97

4.7 Allotropes

20% - Post Transition Metals Metals have it !

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

Al

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

11
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Tennessine
0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.61
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Francium
0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

1.71
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Cesium
0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.47
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Cesium
0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.83
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Cesium
0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

1.61
Rank: 20 (Overall)
Cesium
0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.39
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Gold
1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

577.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 66 (Overall)
Cesium
375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,816.70 kJ/mol
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

2,744.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 38 (Overall)
Osmium
1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

11,577.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Thorium
2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

14,842.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Dubnium
4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

18,379.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

23,326.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Bohrium
7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

27,465.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Hassium
8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

31,853.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Yttrium
14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

38,473.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Strontium
17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

42,647.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Yttrium
19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: 100 (Overall)
Molybdenum
22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: 100 (Overall)
Molybdenum
26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Manganese
41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Iron
47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cobalt
52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nickel
58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Copper
64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

0.34 g/amp-hr
Rank: 72 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

4.28 eV
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Cesium
2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

13
Rank: 88 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Ne] 3s2 3p1

6.3 Crystal Structure

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

13
Rank: 87 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

14
Rank: 65 (Overall)
Lithium
4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

13
Rank: 87 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

143.00 pm
Rank: 37 (Overall)
Beryllium
112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

121.00 pm
Rank: 53 (Overall)
Beryllium
96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

184.00 pm
Rank: 34 (Overall)
Zinc
139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

26.98 amu
Rank: 82 (Overall)
Lithium
6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

10.00 cm3/mol
Rank: 49 (Overall)
Manganese
1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

80.70 (-eV)
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Francium
8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

404.95 pm
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Beryllium
228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium
1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

2.70 g/cm3
Rank: 74 (Overall)
Lithium
0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

2.38 g/cm3
Rank: 52 (Overall)
Lithium
0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

40.00 MPa
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Indium
2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

26.00 GPa
Rank: 29 (Overall)
Potassium
1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

76.00 GPa
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Cesium
1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

70.00 GPa
Rank: 28 (Overall)
Cesium
1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.35
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

2.72
Rank: 62 (Overall)
Lithium
0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

0.00 H/m
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

0.00
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

28.20 nΩ·m
Rank: 49 (Overall)
Thallium
0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.38 106/cm Ω
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

42.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 26 (Overall)
Mercury
0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

0.90 J/(kg K)
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Americium
0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

24.20 J/mol·K
Rank: 53 (Overall)
Beryllium
16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

237.00 W/m·K
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Neptunium
6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ytterbium
26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

23.10 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Tungsten
4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

293.70 kJ/mol
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Zinc
7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

10.67 kJ/mol
Rank: 35 (Overall)
Cesium
2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

322.20 kJ/mol
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Mercury
61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

28.30 J/mol.K
Rank: 55 (Overall)
Beryllium
9.5 198.1