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Gallium
Gallium




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What is Gallium?

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

Ga

1.2 Group Number

13
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Gadolinium
0 17

1.3 Period Number

4
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Lithium
2 7

1.4 Block

p block

1.5 Element Family

Post-​Transition

1.6 CAS Number

7440553
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Aluminium
7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Cmca

1.8 Space Group Number

64.00
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Plutonium
11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.

2.2 Sources

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Lecoq de Boisbaudran

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1875

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

1 * 10-6 %
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Thallium
5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.000004 %
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Gold
1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Radium
1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Surgical Instruments Manufacturing

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Non Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

70% - Post Transition Metals Metals have it !

3.2.3 In Blood

0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Plutonium
0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Plutonium
0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

29.78 °C
Rank: 79 (Overall)
Francium
27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,403.00 °C
Rank: 47 (Overall)
Flerovium
147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silvery White

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

1.50
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Cesium
0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

56.80 MPa
Rank: 47 (Overall)
Cesium
0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Palladium
121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

2,740.00 m/s
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Thallium
818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
58 97

4.7 Allotropes

20% - Post Transition Metals Metals have it !

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

Ga

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

24
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Tennessine
0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.81
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Francium
0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

2.42
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Cesium
0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.82
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Cesium
0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

2.01
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Cesium
0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

1.76
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Cesium
0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.19
Rank: 39 (Overall)
Gold
1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

578.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 64 (Overall)
Cesium
375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,979.30 kJ/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

2,963.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 28 (Overall)
Osmium
1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

6,180.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Thorium
2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Dubnium
4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bohrium
7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Hassium
8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium
14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Strontium
17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium
19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Manganese
41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Iron
47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cobalt
52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nickel
58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Copper
64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

0.87 g/amp-hr
Rank: 61 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

4.20 eV
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Cesium
2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

31
Rank: 76 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1

6.3 Crystal Structure

Orthorhombic (ORTH)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

31
Rank: 75 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

39
Rank: 57 (Overall)
Lithium
4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

31
Rank: 75 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

135.00 pm
Rank: 42 (Overall)
Beryllium
112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

122.00 pm
Rank: 52 (Overall)
Beryllium
96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

187.00 pm
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Zinc
139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

69.72 amu
Rank: 70 (Overall)
Lithium
6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

11.80 cm3/mol
Rank: 42 (Overall)
Manganese
1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

69.70 (-eV)
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Francium
8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

451.97 pm
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Beryllium
228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium
1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

5.91 g/cm3
Rank: 67 (Overall)
Lithium
0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

6.10 g/cm3
Rank: 42 (Overall)
Lithium
0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Indium
2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Potassium
1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

9.80 GPa
Rank: 53 (Overall)
Cesium
1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.47
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

NA

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

5.91
Rank: 54 (Overall)
Lithium
0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Semiconductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

270.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Thallium
0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.07 106/cm Ω
Rank: 29 (Overall)
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

28.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Mercury
0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

0.37 J/(kg K)
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Americium
0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

25.86 J/mol·K
Rank: 35 (Overall)
Beryllium
16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

40.60 W/m·K
Rank: 34 (Overall)
Neptunium
6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ytterbium
26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

18.00 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Tungsten
4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

256.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Zinc
7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

5.59 kJ/mol
Rank: 51 (Overall)
Cesium
2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

276.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 39 (Overall)
Mercury
61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

40.80 J/mol.K
Rank: 38 (Overall)
Beryllium
9.5 198.1