Symbol
Fl
Po
Group Number
1416
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
76
2
7
👆🏻
Block
p block
p block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Post-Transition
CAS Number
540851647440086
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
-
Pm-3m
Space Group Number
198.00221.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
Flerovium is named after the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions.
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
Sources
-
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Discovery
In 1999
In 1898
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
--
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %-
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-0.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
-0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
-0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Flerovium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
Industrial Uses
-
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
-
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
67.00 °C254.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
147.00 °C962.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
-
Silver
Luster
Unknown Luster
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.002.50
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa70.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
450.00 MPa30.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s2,260.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.302.70
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
68.00 %50.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
α-polonium
β Allotropes
-
β-polonium
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Fl
Po
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
129
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.602.00
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.302.00
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.301.76
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.302.48
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.302.19
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.002.00
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
823.90 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,601.60 kJ/mol1,833.20 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
3,367.30 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
4,399.70 kJ/mol8,121.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
11,400.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
5,400.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
6,700.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
6,000.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
6,000.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
36,400.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
1,145.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
67,000.00 kJ/mol81,200.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
36,400.00 kJ/mol81,200.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
1,144.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol8,120.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
1,127.50 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
800.00 kJ/mol812.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
670.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
340.00 kJ/mol812.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
1,120.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
540.10 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
540.10 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
800.00 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
800.10 kJ/mol812.10 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol812.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr3.90 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV4.50 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Number
11484
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
Crystal Structure
Not Known
Monoclinic (MON)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
11484
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
184125
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
11484
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm168.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
171.00 pm140.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm197.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
289.00 amu209.00 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
14.00 cm3/mol22.23 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)9.30 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
-335.90 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
-
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.601.46
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
14.00 g/cm39.20 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
14.00 g/cm39.40 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa50.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
35.00 GPa24.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
15.00 GPa46.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa46.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.300.23
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
14.009.32
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
-
Nonmagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
-
Conductor
Resistivity
5.40 nΩ·m0.40 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
-183.30 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K26.40 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K20.00 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
340.00 K527.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
7.10 µm/(m·K)23.50 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
337.40 kJ/mol60.30 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.50 kJ/mol13.00 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
-134.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
57.00 J/mol.K41.10 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻