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Mercury
Mercury




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What is Mercury?

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

Hg

1.2 Group Number

12
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Gadolinium
0 17

1.3 Period Number

6
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Lithium
2 7

1.4 Block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

7439976
Rank: 81 (Overall)
Aluminium
7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

R_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

166.00
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Plutonium
11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.

2.2 Sources

Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Ancient Chinese and Indians

2.3.2 Discovery

Before 2000 BCE

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Thallium
5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %
Rank: 100 (Overall)
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Gold
1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.05 %
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Radium
1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Dentistry

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Highly Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

60% - Transition Metals Metals have it !

3.2.3 In Blood

0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Plutonium
0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.45 p.p.m.
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Plutonium
0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

Not Available
Rank: 100 (Overall)
Francium
27 3410

1.3 Boiling Point

356.58 °C
Rank: 78 (Overall)
Flerovium
147 5660

1.4 Appearance

1.4.1 Physical State

Liquid

1.4.2 Color

Silver

1.4.3 Luster

NA

1.5 Hardness

1.5.1 Mohs Hardness

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
0.2 8.5

1.5.2 Brinell Hardness

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
0.14 3490

1.5.3 Vickers Hardness

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Palladium
121 3430

1.6 Speed of Sound

1,451.40 m/s
Rank: 49 (Overall)
Thallium
818 16200

1.7 Optical Properties

1.7.1 Refractive Index

1.00
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Palladium
1.000933 1.7229

1.7.2 Reflectivity

73.00 %
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Molybdenum
58 97

1.8 Allotropes

6% - Transition Metals Metals have it !

1.8.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

1.8.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

1.8.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

2 Chemical

2.1 Chemical Formula

Hg

2.2 Isotopes

2.2.1 Known Isotopes

34
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Tennessine
0 38

2.3 Electronegativity

2.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

2.00
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Francium
0.7 2.54

2.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

2.20
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Cesium
0.22 2.56

2.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.44
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Cesium
0.86 1.82

2.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.81
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Cesium
0.62 2.48

2.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

1.44
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Cesium
0.659 2.7

2.4 Electropositivity

2.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.00
Rank: 46 (Overall)
Gold
1.46 3.3

2.5 Ionization Energies

2.5.1 1st Energy Level

1,007.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Cesium
375.7 26130

2.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,810.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 20 (Overall)
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750

2.5.3 3rd Energy Level

3,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 20 (Overall)
Osmium
1600 34230

2.5.4 4th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Thorium
2780 37066

2.5.5 5th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Dubnium
4305.2 97510

2.5.6 6th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800

2.5.7 7th Energy level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bohrium
7226.8 114300

2.5.8 8th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Hassium
8857.4 125300

2.5.9 9th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium
14110 134700

2.5.10 10th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Strontium
17100 144300

2.5.11 11th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium
19900 169988

2.5.12 12th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
22219 189368

2.5.13 13th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
26930 76015

2.5.14 14th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
29196 86450

2.5.15 15th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Manganese
41987 97510

2.5.16 16th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Iron
47206 109480

2.5.17 17th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cobalt
52737 122200

2.5.18 18th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nickel
58570 134810

2.5.19 19th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Copper
64702 148700

2.5.20 20th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
80400 171200

2.5.21 21st Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
87000 179100

2.5.22 22nd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
93400 184900

2.5.23 23rd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
98420 198800

2.5.24 24th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
104400 195200

2.5.25 25th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
121900 121900

2.5.26 26th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
127700 127700

2.5.27 27th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
133800 133800

2.5.28 28th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
139800 139800

2.5.29 29th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
148100 148100

2.5.30 30th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
154500 154500

2.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

3.74 g/amp-hr
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209

2.7 Electron Work Function

4.49 eV
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Cesium
2.14 5.65

2.8 Other Chemical Properties

Flammability, Ionization, Solubility

3 Atomic

3.1 Atomic Number

80
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

3.2 Electron Configuration

[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2

3.3 Crystal Structure

Rhombohedral (RHO)

3.3.1 Crystal Lattice

3.4 Atom

3.4.1 Number of Protons

80
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

3.4.2 Number of Neutrons

121
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Lithium
4 184

3.4.3 Number of Electrons

80
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

3.5 Radius of an Atom

3.5.1 Atomic Radius

151.00 pm
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Beryllium
112 265

3.5.2 Covalent Radius

132.00 pm
Rank: 48 (Overall)
Beryllium
96 260

3.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

155.00 pm
Rank: 42 (Overall)
Zinc
139 348

3.6 Atomic Weight

200.59 amu
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Lithium
6.94 294

3.7 Atomic Volume

14.82 cm3/mol
Rank: 35 (Overall)
Manganese
1.39 71.07

3.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

3.8.1 Previous Element

3.8.2 Next Element

3.9 Valence Electron Potential

28.20 (-eV)
Rank: 54 (Overall)
Francium
8 392.42

3.10 Lattice Constant

300.50 pm
Rank: 59 (Overall)
Beryllium
228.58 891.25

3.11 Lattice Angles

NA

3.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium
1.567 1.886

4 Mechanical

4.1 Density

4.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

13.53 g/cm3
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Lithium
0.534 40.7

4.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Lithium
0.512 20

4.2 Tensile Strength

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Indium
2.5 11000

4.3 Viscosity

0.00
Rank: 1 (Overall)
0.001526 0.001526

4.4 Vapor Pressure

4.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121

4.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774

4.5 Elasticity properties

4.5.1 Shear Modulus

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Potassium
1.3 222

4.5.2 Bulk Modulus

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
1.6 462

4.5.3 Young's Modulus

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
1.7 528

4.6 Poisson Ratio

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium
0.032 0.47

4.7 Other Mechanical Properties

NA

5 Magnetic

5.1 Magnetic Characteristics

5.1.1 Specific Gravity

13.53
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Lithium
0.53 4500

5.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

5.1.3 Permeability

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063

5.1.4 Susceptibility

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000

5.2 Electrical Properties

5.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

5.2.2 Resistivity

961.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Thallium
0.18 961

5.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.01 106/cm Ω
Rank: 57 (Overall)
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63

5.2.4 Electron Affinity

0.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 40 (Overall)
Palladium
0 222.8

6 Thermal

6.1 Specific Heat

0.14 J/(kg K)
Rank: 38 (Overall)
Americium
0.11 3.6

6.2 Molar Heat Capacity

27.98 J/mol·K
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Beryllium
16.443 62.7

6.3 Thermal Conductivity

8.30 W/m·K
Rank: 66 (Overall)
Neptunium
6.3 429

6.4 Critical Temperature

1,750.00 K
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Ytterbium
26.3 3223

6.5 Thermal Expansion

60.40 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Tungsten
4.5 97

6.6 Enthalpy

6.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

56.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 59 (Overall)
Zinc
7.32 799.1

6.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

2.29 kJ/mol
Rank: 61 (Overall)
Cesium
2.1 35.23

6.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

61.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 62 (Overall)
Sodium
61.5 837

6.7 Standard Molar Entropy

75.80 J/mol.K
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Beryllium
9.5 198.1