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Chromium
Chromium




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What is Chromium?

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Cr
1.2 Group Number
Tennessine
6
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Gadolinium
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1.3 Period Number
Uranium
4
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Lithium
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1.4 Block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
Roentgenium
7440473
Rank: 39 (Overall)
Aluminium
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1.7 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
Sodium
229.00
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Plutonium
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2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
2.3.2 Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
Iron
1.5 * 10-3 %
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Thallium
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2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
Iron
~0.002 %
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Beryllium
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2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
Iron
0.30 %
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Gold
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2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
Aluminium
0.01 %
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Radium
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2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
Sodium
0.00 %
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Protactinium
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2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
Calcium
0.00 %
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Radium
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3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Highly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
60% Transition Metals Metals have it !
3.2.3 In Blood
Sodium
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Plutonium
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3.2.4 In Bone
Calcium
0.33 p.p.m.
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Plutonium
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4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
Tungsten
1,857.00 °C
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Francium
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4.2 Boiling Point
Tungsten
2,672.00 °C
Rank: 39 (Overall)
Flerovium
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4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silver
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
Chromium
8.50
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Cesium
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4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
Osmium
687.00 MPa
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Cesium
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4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
Tungsten
1,060.00 MPa
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Palladium
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4.5 Speed of Sound
Technetium
5,940.00 m/s
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Thallium
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4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
Palladium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
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4.6.2 Reflectivity
Silver
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
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4.7 Allotropes
6% Transition Metals Metals have it !
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Cr
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
Palladium
21
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Tennessine
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5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
Gold
1.66
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Francium
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5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
Cobalt
1.66
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Cesium
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5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Gallium
1.56
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Cesium
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5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Polonium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
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5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
Berkelium
1.65
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Cesium
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5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
Francium
2.34
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Gold
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5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
Chromium
26,130.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Cesium
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5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
Chromium
28,750.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Ruthenium
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5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
Chromium
34,230.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Osmium
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5.5.4 4th Energy Level
Chromium
37,066.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Thorium
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5.5.5 5th Energy Level
Chromium
97,510.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Dubnium
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5.5.6 6th Energy Level
Chromium
105,800.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Seaborgium
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5.5.7 7th Energy level
Chromium
114,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Bohrium
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5.5.8 8th Energy Level
Chromium
125,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Hassium
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5.5.9 9th Energy Level
Chromium
134,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Yttrium
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5.5.10 10th Energy Level
Chromium
144,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Strontium
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5.5.11 11th Energy Level
Magnesium
26,130.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Yttrium
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5.5.12 12th Energy Level
Magnesium
28,750.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.13 13th Energy Level
Titanium
34,230.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.14 14th Energy Level
Vanadium
37,066.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.15 15th Energy Level
Chromium
97,510.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Manganese
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5.5.16 16th Energy Level
Manganese
105,800.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Iron
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5.5.17 17th Energy Level
Iron
114,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Cobalt
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5.5.18 18th Energy Level
Cobalt
125,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Nickel
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5.5.19 19th Energy Level
Nickel
134,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Copper
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5.5.20 20th Energy Level
Zinc
144,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.21 21st Energy Level
Zinc
157,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
Copper
166,090.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
Copper
Not Available
Rank: 100 (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.24 24th Energy Level
Iron
Not Available
Rank: 100 (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.25 25th Energy Level
Molybdenum
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
Molybdenum
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
Molybdenum
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
Molybdenum
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
Molybdenum
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
Molybdenum
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
Francium
0.32 g/amp-hr
Rank: 73 (Overall)
Beryllium
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5.7 Electron Work Function
Platinum
4.50 eV
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Cesium
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5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
Tennessine
24
Rank: 82 (Overall)
Lithium
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6.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
Tennessine
24
Rank: 81 (Overall)
Lithium
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6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
Flerovium
28
Rank: 61 (Overall)
Lithium
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6.4.3 Number of Electrons
Tennessine
24
Rank: 81 (Overall)
Lithium
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6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
Cesium
128.00 pm
Rank: 46 (Overall)
Beryllium
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6.5.2 Covalent Radius
Francium
139.00 pm
Rank: 45 (Overall)
Beryllium
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6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
Francium
200.00 pm
Rank: 28 (Overall)
Zinc
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6.6 Atomic Weight
Tennessine
52.00 amu
Rank: 76 (Overall)
Lithium
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6.7 Atomic Volume
Cesium
7.23 cm3/mol
Rank: 60 (Overall)
Manganese
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6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
Platinum
170.00 (-eV)
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Francium
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6.10 Lattice Constant
Manganese
291.00 pm
Rank: 62 (Overall)
Beryllium
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6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
Cadmium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium
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7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
Hassium
7.19 g/cm3
Rank: 58 (Overall)
Lithium
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7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Osmium
6.30 g/cm3
Rank: 40 (Overall)
Lithium
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7.2 Tensile Strength
Iron
689.00 MPa
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Indium
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7.3 Viscosity
Mercury
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Strontium
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Cerium
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7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Chromium
774.00 (Pa)
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Tungsten
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7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
Osmium
115.00 GPa
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Potassium
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7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
Osmium
160.00 GPa
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Cesium
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7.5.3 Young's Modulus
Iridium
279.00 GPa
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Cesium
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7.6 Poisson Ratio
Gallium
0.21
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Beryllium
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7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
Cobalt
7.19
Rank: 46 (Overall)
Lithium
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8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
Iron
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
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8.1.4 Susceptibility
Iron
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
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8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
NA
8.2.2 Resistivity
Mercury
125.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Thallium
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8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
Silver
0.08 106/cm Ω
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Plutonium
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8.2.4 Electron Affinity
Gold
64.30 kJ/mol
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Mercury
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9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
Lithium
0.45 J/(kg K)
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Americium
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9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
Americium
23.35 J/mol·K
Rank: 55 (Overall)
Beryllium
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9.3 Thermal Conductivity
Silver
93.90 W/m·K
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Neptunium
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9.4 Critical Temperature
Lithium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ytterbium
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9.5 Thermal Expansion
Cesium
4.90 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 57 (Overall)
Tungsten
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9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
Tungsten
348.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Zinc
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9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
Tungsten
15.31 kJ/mol
Rank: 20 (Overall)
Cesium
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9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
Tungsten
397.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Mercury
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9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
Protactinium
23.80 J/mol.K
Rank: 57 (Overall)
Beryllium
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