Symbol
Cr
Fe
Group Number
68
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
44
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
74404737439896
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
229.00229.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
- Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
- Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
- The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
-
Discovery
In Between 1797 - 1798
Before 5000 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.11 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.10 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.30 %22.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %6.30 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.01 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
- It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
- Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
- Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3447.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.33 p.p.m.380.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,857.00 °C1,535.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
2,672.00 °C2,750.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
8.504.00
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
687.00 MPa200.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
1,060.00 MPa608.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
5,940.00 m/s5,120.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.972.60
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
70.00 %65.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
Ferrite (alpha Iron)
β Allotropes
-
beta Iron
γ Allotropes
-
gamma Iron
Chemical Formula
Cr
Fe
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
2126
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.661.83
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.662.20
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.561.64
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.661.83
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.651.80
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.342.17
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol1,561.90 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol2,957.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol5,290.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol7,240.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol9,560.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
114,300.00 kJ/mol12,060.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol14,580.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol22,540.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol25,290.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
26,130.00 kJ/mol28,000.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
28,750.00 kJ/mol31,920.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
34,230.00 kJ/mol34,830.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
37,066.00 kJ/mol37,840.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
97,510.00 kJ/mol44,100.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
105,800.00 kJ/mol47,206.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
114,300.00 kJ/mol122,200.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
125,300.00 kJ/mol131,000.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
134,700.00 kJ/mol140,500.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
144,300.00 kJ/mol152,600.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
157,700.00 kJ/mol163,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
166,090.00 kJ/mol173,600.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol188,100.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol195,200.00 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol762.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
652.90 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol762.50 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
653.80 kJ/mol762.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.32 g/amp-hr0.69 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV4.70 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Number
2426
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
[Ar] 3d6 4s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
2426
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
2830
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
2426
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm126.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm132.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm200.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
52.00 amu55.85 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
7.23 cm3/mol7.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
170.00 (-eV)67.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
291.00 pm286.65 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.861.35
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.19 g/cm37.87 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.30 g/cm36.98 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
689.00 MPa11,000.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
774.00 (Pa)36.80 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
115.00 GPa82.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
160.00 GPa170.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
279.00 GPa211.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.210.29
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.197.20
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Antiferromagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.01 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.00200,000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
-
Conductor
Resistivity
125.00 nΩ·m96.10 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.08 106/cm Ω0.10 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
64.30 kJ/mol15.70 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.45 J/(kg K)0.44 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
23.35 J/mol·K25.10 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
93.90 W/m·K80.40 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,907.00 K1,811.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
4.90 µm/(m·K)11.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
348.80 kJ/mol351.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.31 kJ/mol14.90 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
397.50 kJ/mol414.20 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
23.80 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻