1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Cd
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
7440439
Rank: 42 (Overall) ▶
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00
Rank: 5 (Overall) ▶
11
229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
2.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1817
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %
Rank: 22 (Overall) ▶
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %
Rank: 21 (Overall) ▶
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
Rank: 31 (Overall) ▶
1.7E-07
22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
Rank: 46 (Overall) ▶
9.9E-12
8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
Rank: 28 (Overall) ▶
2E-23
1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
Rank: 11 (Overall) ▶
1E-13
1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
-
Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
✔
✘
60% - Transition Metals Metals have it !
▶
3.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 24 (Overall) ▶
0
1970
3.2.4 In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.
Rank: 15 (Overall) ▶
0
170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
320.90 °C
Rank: 68 (Overall) ▶
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
765.00 °C
Rank: 73 (Overall) ▶
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
2.00
Rank: 16 (Overall) ▶
0.2
8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPa
Rank: 39 (Overall) ▶
0.14
3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
121
3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s
Rank: 39 (Overall) ▶
818
16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
1.000933
1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
67.00 %
Rank: 11 (Overall) ▶
58
97
4.7 Allotropes
✔
✘
6% - Transition Metals Metals have it !
▶
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Cd
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.69
Rank: 17 (Overall) ▶
0.7
2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.46
Rank: 15 (Overall) ▶
0.86
1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.53
Rank: 13 (Overall) ▶
0.62
2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.52
Rank: 27 (Overall) ▶
0.659
2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.31
Rank: 37 (Overall) ▶
1.46
3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall) ▶
375.7
26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 32 (Overall) ▶
710.2162
28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall) ▶
1600
34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
2780
37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
4305.2
97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
5715.8
105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
7226.8
114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
8857.4
125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
14110
134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
17100
144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
19900
169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
22219
189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
26930
76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
29196
86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
41987
97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
47206
109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
52737
122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
58570
134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
64702
148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
80400
171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
87000
179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
93400
184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
98420
198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
104400
195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
121900
121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
127700
127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
133800
133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
139800
139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
148100
148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
154500
154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr
Rank: 27 (Overall) ▶
0.16812
8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
4.22 eV
Rank: 22 (Overall) ▶
2.14
5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
Rank: 32 (Overall) ▶
112
265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
144.00 pm
Rank: 40 (Overall) ▶
96
260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm
Rank: 41 (Overall) ▶
139
348
6.6 Atomic Weight
112.41 amu
Rank: 58 (Overall) ▶
6.94
294
6.7 Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol
Rank: 39 (Overall) ▶
1.39
71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)
Rank: 52 (Overall) ▶
8
392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
297.94 pm
Rank: 60 (Overall) ▶
228.58
891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm3
Rank: 47 (Overall) ▶
0.534
40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm3
Rank: 28 (Overall) ▶
0.512
20
7.2 Tensile Strength
62.00 MPa
Rank: 16 (Overall) ▶
2.5
11000
7.3 Viscosity
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
0.001526
0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
2.47E-11
121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
2.62E-10
774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa
Rank: 35 (Overall) ▶
1.3
222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa
Rank: 29 (Overall) ▶
1.6
462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa
Rank: 36 (Overall) ▶
1.7
528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.30
Rank: 14 (Overall) ▶
0.032
0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.65
Rank: 36 (Overall) ▶
0.53
4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
1.25643E-06
0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
-0.000166
200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Semiconductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m
Rank: 36 (Overall) ▶
0.18
961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
Rank: 15 (Overall) ▶
0.00666
0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 40 (Overall) ▶
0
222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
Rank: 26 (Overall) ▶
0.11
3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K
Rank: 32 (Overall) ▶
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K
Rank: 16 (Overall) ▶
6.3
429
9.4 Critical Temperature
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall) ▶
26.3
3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 10 (Overall) ▶
4.5
97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 53 (Overall) ▶
7.32
799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol
Rank: 50 (Overall) ▶
2.1
35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 56 (Overall) ▶
61.5
837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.K
Rank: 27 (Overall) ▶
9.5
198.1