1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
1.6 CAS Number
74404397440075
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
- Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
- Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
2.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1817
In Between 1940 1941
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
1.2.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.2.4 Abundance In Oceans
1.3.1 Abundance In Humans
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
-
Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
- Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
-
It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
2.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
2.1.2 Medical Uses
2.1.3 Other Uses
2.2 Biological Properties
2.2.1 Toxicity
2.2.2 Present in Human Body
2.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
2.4.1 In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
3 Physical
3.1 Melting Point
320.90 °C639.50 °C
27
3410
4.5 Boiling Point
765.00 °C3,235.00 °C
147
5660
4.6 Appearance
4.6.1 Physical State
4.6.3 Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery White
4.6.4 Luster
4.7 Hardness
4.7.1 Mohs Hardness
4.7.5 Brinell Hardness
4.7.8 Vickers Hardness
4.8 Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s2,260.00 m/s
818
16200
4.9 Optical Properties
4.9.1 Refractive Index
4.9.4 Reflectivity
4.10 Allotropes
4.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.1.1 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.1.2 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
6.4 Electronegativity
6.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
6.5.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.1.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.3.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.1.1 Allen Electronegativity
8.7 Electropositivity
8.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.8 Ionization Energies
8.8.1 1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol584.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.8.2 2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol1,128.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.8.5 3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol2,084.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.10.1 4th Energy Level
NA3,338.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.10.3 5th Energy Level
8.11.2 6th Energy Level
8.12.2 7th Energy level
9.2.2 8th Energy Level
9.3.2 9th Energy Level
9.5.2 10th Energy Level
9.6.2 11th Energy Level
9.8.2 12th Energy Level
10.1.3 13th Energy Level
10.1.5 14th Energy Level
10.2.1 15th Energy Level
10.4.1 16th Energy Level
10.6.2 17th Energy Level
10.6.5 18th Energy Level
10.6.6 19th Energy Level
10.7.3 20th Energy Level
10.7.5 21st Energy Level
10.7.7 22nd Energy Level
10.7.9 23rd Energy Level
10.7.11 24th Energy Level
10.8.1 25th Energy Level
10.8.2 26th Energy Level
11.1.2 27th Energy Level
11.1.6 28th Energy Level
11.1.7 29th Energy Level
11.1.10 30th Energy Level
11.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr2.28 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
11.4 Electron Work Function
11.5 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
12.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
12.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Monoclinic (MON)
12.3.1 Crystal Lattice
12.4 Atom
12.4.1 Number of Protons
13.1.1 Number of Neutrons
13.2.2 Number of Electrons
13.4 Radius of an Atom
13.4.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm159.00 pm
112
265
13.5.1 Covalent Radius
144.00 pm187.00 pm
96
260
13.6.1 Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
13.7 Atomic Weight
112.41 amu244.00 amu
6.94
294
13.9 Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol12.32 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.10.1 Previous Element
13.10.2 Next Element
13.11 Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)64.90 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.12 Lattice Constant
297.94 pm618.30 pm
228.58
891.25
13.14 Lattice Angles
13.15 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm319.82 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
14.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm316.63 g/cm3
0.512
20
14.2 Tensile Strength
14.3 Viscosity
14.4 Vapor Pressure
14.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
14.4.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
14.5 Elasticity properties
14.5.1 Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa43.00 GPa
1.3
222
14.6.1 Bulk Modulus
14.7.1 Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa96.00 GPa
1.7
528
15.2 Poisson Ratio
15.6 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
16 Magnetic
16.1 Magnetic Characteristics
16.1.1 Specific Gravity
16.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
16.1.3 Permeability
16.1.5 Susceptibility
16.2 Electrical Properties
16.2.1 Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Poor Conductor
16.2.2 Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m1.46 nΩ·m
0.18
961
16.2.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
16.3.2 Electron Affinity
17 Thermal
17.1 Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
17.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K35.50 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
17.4 Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K6.74 W/m·K
6.3
429
17.6 Critical Temperature
17.7 Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)46.70 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
17.10 Enthalpy
17.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol344.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
17.11.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol2.82 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
18.1.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol360.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
18.2 Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1