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Cadmium
Cadmium

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Plutonium



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Cadmium vs Plutonium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Cd
Pu
1.2 Group Number
120
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
57
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
f block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
1.6 CAS Number
74404397440075
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P121/m1
1.8 Space Group Number
194.0011.00
Uranium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
2.2 Sources
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining, Ores of metals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1817
In Between 1940 1941
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %NA
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000006 %~-9999 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %NA
Gold
1.7E-07 22
1.2.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %NA
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
1.2.4 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %NA
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
1.3.1 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
2.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
2.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
2.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
2.2 Biological Properties
2.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
2.2.2 Present in Human Body
2.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Tin
0 1970
2.4.1 In Bone
1.80 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
Tin
0 170000
3 Physical
3.1 Melting Point
320.90 °C639.50 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.5 Boiling Point
765.00 °C3,235.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.6 Appearance
4.6.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.6.3 Color
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Silvery White
4.6.4 Luster
Metallic
NA
4.7 Hardness
4.7.1 Mohs Hardness
2.00NA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.7.5 Brinell Hardness
203.00 MPaNA
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.7.8 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
4.8 Speed of Sound
2,310.00 m/s2,260.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.9 Optical Properties
4.9.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.9.4 Reflectivity
67.00 %NA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.10 Allotropes
4.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.1.1 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.1.2 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
Cd
Pu
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
3420
Tennessine
0 38
6.4 Electronegativity
6.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.691.28
Francium
0.7 2.54
6.5.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98NA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
7.1.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.461.22
Cesium
0.86 1.82
7.3.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.53NA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
8.1.1 Allen Electronegativity
1.52NA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
8.7 Electropositivity
8.7.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.312.72
Gold
1.46 3.3
8.8 Ionization Energies
8.8.1 1st Energy Level
867.80 kJ/mol584.70 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
8.8.2 2nd Energy Level
1,631.40 kJ/mol1,128.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
8.8.5 3rd Energy Level
3,616.00 kJ/mol2,084.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
8.10.1 4th Energy Level
NA3,338.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
8.10.3 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
8.11.2 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
8.12.2 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
9.2.2 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
9.3.2 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
9.5.2 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
9.6.2 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
9.8.2 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
10.1.3 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
10.1.5 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
10.2.1 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
10.4.1 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
10.6.2 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
10.6.5 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
10.6.6 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
10.7.3 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
10.7.5 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
10.7.7 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
10.7.9 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
10.7.11 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
10.8.1 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
10.8.2 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
11.1.2 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
11.1.6 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
11.1.7 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
11.1.10 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
11.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.10 g/amp-hr2.28 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
11.4 Electron Work Function
4.22 eVNA
Cesium
2.14 5.65
11.5 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
4894
Lithium
3 117
12.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
12.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Monoclinic (MON)
12.3.1 Crystal Lattice
12.4 Atom
12.4.1 Number of Protons
4894
Lithium
3 117
13.1.1 Number of Neutrons
64150
Lithium
4 184
13.2.2 Number of Electrons
4894
Lithium
3 117
13.4 Radius of an Atom
13.4.1 Atomic Radius
151.00 pm159.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
13.5.1 Covalent Radius
144.00 pm187.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
13.6.1 Van der Waals Radius
158.00 pm200.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
13.7 Atomic Weight
112.41 amu244.00 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
13.9 Atomic Volume
13.10 cm3/mol12.32 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
13.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.10.1 Previous Element
13.10.2 Next Element
13.11 Valence Electron Potential
30.00 (-eV)64.90 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
13.12 Lattice Constant
297.94 pm618.30 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
13.14 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
NA
13.15 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.89NA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.65 g/cm319.82 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
14.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.00 g/cm316.63 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
14.2 Tensile Strength
62.00 MPaNA
Indium
2.5 11000
14.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
14.4 Vapor Pressure
14.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA0.00 (Pa)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
14.4.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA2.20 (Pa)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
14.5 Elasticity properties
14.5.1 Shear Modulus
19.00 GPa43.00 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
14.6.1 Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPaNA
Cesium
1.6 462
14.7.1 Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa96.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
15.2 Poisson Ratio
0.300.21
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
15.6 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
16 Magnetic
16.1 Magnetic Characteristics
16.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.6519.84
Lithium
0.53 4500
16.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
16.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
16.1.5 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
16.2 Electrical Properties
16.2.1 Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Poor Conductor
16.2.2 Resistivity
72.70 nΩ·m1.46 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
16.2.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
Palladium
0.00666 0.63
16.3.2 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/molNA
Mercury
0 222.8
17 Thermal
17.1 Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
17.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.02 J/mol·K35.50 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
17.4 Thermal Conductivity
96.60 W/m·K6.74 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
17.6 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
17.7 Thermal Expansion
30.80 µm/(m·K)46.70 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
17.10 Enthalpy
17.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
100.00 kJ/mol344.00 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
17.11.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.19 kJ/mol2.82 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
18.1.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
113.00 kJ/mol360.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
18.2 Standard Molar Entropy
51.80 J/mol.KNA
Beryllium
9.5 198.1