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Scandium
Scandium
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What is Scandium?
Scandium Metal Scandium Electron Configuration Scandium Crystal Structure
Scandium
Add ⊕
1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Sc
1.2 Group Number
Tennessine
⊕
▶
▼
3
Rank: 15 (Overall)▶
▲
Gadolinium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
1.3 Period Number
Uranium
⊕
▶
▼
4
Rank: 4 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
1.4 Block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
Roentgenium
⊕
▶
▼
7440202
Rank: 59 (Overall)▶
▲
Aluminium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
Sodium
⊕
▶
▼
194.00
Rank: 5 (Overall)▶
▲
Plutonium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
  • Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1879
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
Iron
⊕
▶
▼
3 * 10-6 %
Rank: 15 (Overall)▶
▲
Thallium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
Iron
⊕
▶
▼
~0.000004 %
Rank: 16 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
Iron
⊕
▶
▼
0.00 %
Rank: 18 (Overall)▶
▲
Gold
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
Aluminium
⊕
▶
▼
0.00 %
Rank: 23 (Overall)▶
▲
Radium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
Sodium
⊕
▶
▼
0.00 %
Rank: 32 (Overall)▶
▲
Protactinium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
Calcium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Radium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
  • Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
✔ ✘
60% Transition Metals Metals have it !
3.2.3 In Blood
Sodium
⊕
▶
▼
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 22 (Overall)▶
▲
Plutonium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
3.2.4 In Bone
Calcium
⊕
▶
▼
0.00 p.p.m.
Rank: 34 (Overall)▶
▲
Plutonium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
Tungsten
⊕
▶
▼
1,539.00 °C
Rank: 24 (Overall)▶
▲
Francium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.2 Boiling Point
Tungsten
⊕
▶
▼
2,832.00 °C
Rank: 35 (Overall)▶
▲
Flerovium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
Lustrous
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
Osmium
⊕
▶
▼
750.00 MPa
Rank: 12 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
Tungsten
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Palladium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.5 Speed of Sound
Technetium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Thallium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
Palladium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Mercury
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.6.2 Reflectivity
Silver
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
4.7 Allotropes
✔ ✘
6% Transition Metals Metals have it !
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Sc
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
Palladium
⊕
▶
▼
13
Rank: 26 (Overall)▶
▲
Tennessine
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
Gold
⊕
▶
▼
1.36
Rank: 29 (Overall)▶
▲
Francium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
Cobalt
⊕
▶
▼
1.02
Rank: 21 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Gallium
⊕
▶
▼
1.20
Rank: 27 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Polonium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
Berkelium
⊕
▶
▼
1.19
Rank: 36 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
Francium
⊕
▶
▼
2.64
Rank: 25 (Overall)▶
▲
Gold
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
633.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 46 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
1,235.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 57 (Overall)▶
▲
Ruthenium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
2,388.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 52 (Overall)▶
▲
Osmium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
7,090.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)▶
▲
Thorium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
8,843.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)▶
▲
Dubnium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
10,679.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)▶
▲
Seaborgium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.7 7th Energy level
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
13,310.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall)▶
▲
Bohrium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
15,250.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)▶
▲
Hassium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
17,370.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 14 (Overall)▶
▲
Yttrium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
21,726.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall)▶
▲
Strontium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
Magnesium
⊕
▶
▼
24,102.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 16 (Overall)▶
▲
Yttrium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
Magnesium
⊕
▶
▼
66,320.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
Titanium
⊕
▶
▼
73,010.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
Vanadium
⊕
▶
▼
80,160.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
89,490.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)▶
▲
Manganese
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
Manganese
⊕
▶
▼
97,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)▶
▲
Iron
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
Iron
⊕
▶
▼
105,600.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)▶
▲
Cobalt
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
Cobalt
⊕
▶
▼
117,000.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)▶
▲
Nickel
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
Nickel
⊕
▶
▼
124,270.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall)▶
▲
Copper
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
Zinc
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: 100 (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
Zinc
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: 100 (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
Copper
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
Copper
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
Iron
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Molybdenum
⊕
▶
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
Francium
⊕
▶
▼
0.56 g/amp-hr
Rank: 67 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.7 Electron Work Function
Platinum
⊕
▶
▼
3.50 eV
Rank: 31 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
Tennessine
⊕
▶
▼
21
Rank: 85 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
Tennessine
⊕
▶
▼
21
Rank: 84 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
Flerovium
⊕
▶
▼
24
Rank: 63 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
Tennessine
⊕
▶
▼
21
Rank: 84 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
Cesium
⊕
▶
▼
162.00 pm
Rank: 26 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
Francium
⊕
▶
▼
170.00 pm
Rank: 25 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
Francium
⊕
▶
▼
211.00 pm
Rank: 25 (Overall)▶
▲
Zinc
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.6 Atomic Weight
Tennessine
⊕
▶
▼
44.96 amu
Rank: 79 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.7 Atomic Volume
Cesium
⊕
▶
▼
15.00 cm3/mol
Rank: 34 (Overall)▶
▲
Manganese
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
Platinum
⊕
▶
▼
58.00 (-eV)
Rank: 24 (Overall)▶
▲
Francium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.10 Lattice Constant
Manganese
⊕
▶
▼
330.90 pm
Rank: 49 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
Cadmium
⊕
▶
▼
1.59
Rank: 7 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
Hassium
⊕
▶
▼
2.99 g/cm3
Rank: 73 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Osmium
⊕
▶
▼
2.80 g/cm3
Rank: 51 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.2 Tensile Strength
Iron
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Indium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.3 Viscosity
Mercury
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Mercury
⊕
▶
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Strontium
⊕
▶
▼
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 22 (Overall)▶
▲
Cerium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Chromium
⊕
▶
▼
91.30 (Pa)
Rank: 3 (Overall)▶
▲
Tungsten
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
Osmium
⊕
▶
▼
29.10 GPa
Rank: 24 (Overall)▶
▲
Potassium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
Osmium
⊕
▶
▼
56.60 GPa
Rank: 21 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
Iridium
⊕
▶
▼
74.40 GPa
Rank: 26 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.6 Poisson Ratio
Gallium
⊕
▶
▼
0.28
Rank: 18 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
Cobalt
⊕
▶
▼
2.99
Rank: 61 (Overall)▶
▲
Lithium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
Iron
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Bismuth
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
8.1.4 Susceptibility
Iron
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Bismuth
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
Mercury
⊕
▶
▼
562.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 10 (Overall)▶
▲
Thallium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
Silver
⊕
▶
▼
0.02 106/cm Ω
Rank: 46 (Overall)▶
▲
Plutonium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
Gold
⊕
▶
▼
18.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 33 (Overall)▶
▲
Mercury
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
Lithium
⊕
▶
▼
0.60 J/(kg K)
Rank: 8 (Overall)▶
▲
Americium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
Americium
⊕
▶
▼
25.52 J/mol·K
Rank: 37 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
Silver
⊕
▶
▼
15.80 W/m·K
Rank: 53 (Overall)▶
▲
Neptunium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.4 Critical Temperature
Lithium
⊕
▶
▼
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)▶
▲
Ytterbium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.5 Thermal Expansion
Cesium
⊕
▶
▼
10.20 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 39 (Overall)▶
▲
Tungsten
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
Tungsten
⊕
▶
▼
314.20 kJ/mol
Rank: 28 (Overall)▶
▲
Zinc
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
Tungsten
⊕
▶
▼
14.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 25 (Overall)▶
▲
Cesium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
Tungsten
⊕
▶
▼
343.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 28 (Overall)▶
▲
Mercury
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
Protactinium
⊕
▶
▼
34.60 J/mol.K
Rank: 44 (Overall)▶
▲
Beryllium
⊕
▶
◀ ▶ ADD ⊕

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