Periodic Table
Symbol
Sc
Group Number
3
Rank: 15 (Overall)
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
4
Rank: 4 (Overall)
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440202
Rank: 59 (Overall)
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
194.00
Rank: 7 (Overall)
11
276
👆🏻
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Scandium is known as one of the rare earth elements.
- Scandium metal found in rare minerals called Wolframite .
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lars Fredrik Nilson
Discovery
In 1879
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %
Rank: 16 (Overall)
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %
Rank: 16 (Overall)
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
Rank: 18 (Overall)
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
Rank: 23 (Overall)
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
Rank: 32 (Overall)
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
Rank: 24 (Overall)
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Uses of Scandium are limited to research purpose only. However, it has very low density and higher melting point.
-
Its compounds like scandium iodide is used in mercury vapor lamps to produce very bright white light.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
60% - Transition Metals Metals have it !
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 22 (Overall)
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
Rank: 39 (Overall)
0
170000
👆🏻
Physical
Melting Point
1,539.00 °C
Rank: 24 (Overall)
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
2,832.00 °C
Rank: 36 (Overall)
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Luster
Lustrous
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
5.50
Rank: 7 (Overall)
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
750.00 MPa
Rank: 13 (Overall)
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
1,200.00 MPa
Rank: 13 (Overall)
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
6,100.00 m/s
Rank: 5 (Overall)
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.80
Rank: 21 (Overall)
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
93.00 %
Rank: 3 (Overall)
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
6% - Transition Metals Metals
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sc
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
13
Rank: 26 (Overall)
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36
Rank: 30 (Overall)
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.02
Rank: 40 (Overall)
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20
Rank: 28 (Overall)
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.36
Rank: 31 (Overall)
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.19
Rank: 49 (Overall)
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64
Rank: 25 (Overall)
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 46 (Overall)
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,235.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 58 (Overall)
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,388.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 53 (Overall)
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
7,090.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall)
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
8,843.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
10,679.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall)
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
13,310.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall)
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
15,250.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
17,370.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 14 (Overall)
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
21,726.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall)
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
24,102.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 16 (Overall)
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
66,320.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
73,010.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
80,160.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
89,490.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
97,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
105,600.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
117,000.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
124,270.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall)
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
633.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 41 (Overall)
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 59 (Overall)
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
633.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 35 (Overall)
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 59 (Overall)
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 37 (Overall)
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
633.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 39 (Overall)
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 38 (Overall)
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 40 (Overall)
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 45 (Overall)
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
633.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 46 (Overall)
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
633.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 41 (Overall)
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.56 g/amp-hr
Rank: 71 (Overall)
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
3.50 eV
Rank: 42 (Overall)
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic
Atomic Number
21
Rank: 85 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d1 4s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
21
Rank: 84 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
24
Rank: 64 (Overall)
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
21
Rank: 84 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm
Rank: 28 (Overall)
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm
Rank: 27 (Overall)
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
211.00 pm
Rank: 32 (Overall)
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
44.96 amu
Rank: 79 (Overall)
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
15.00 cm3/mol
Rank: 50 (Overall)
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
58.00 (-eV)
Rank: 25 (Overall)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
330.90 pm
Rank: 55 (Overall)
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59
Rank: 24 (Overall)
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Mechanical
Density
Density At Room Temperature
2.99 g/cm3
Rank: 78 (Overall)
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
2.80 g/cm3
Rank: 80 (Overall)
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
150.00 MPa
Rank: 25 (Overall)
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.00
Rank: 25 (Overall)
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 24 (Overall)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
91.30 (Pa)
Rank: 3 (Overall)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
29.10 GPa
Rank: 28 (Overall)
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
56.60 GPa
Rank: 22 (Overall)
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
74.40 GPa
Rank: 28 (Overall)
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.28
Rank: 18 (Overall)
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
2.99
Rank: 77 (Overall)
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
Rank: 8 (Overall)
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.00
Rank: 24 (Overall)
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Resistivity
562.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 10 (Overall)
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω
Rank: 51 (Overall)
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
18.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 39 (Overall)
0
222.8
👆🏻
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.60 J/(kg K)
Rank: 8 (Overall)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K
Rank: 46 (Overall)
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
15.80 W/m·K
Rank: 54 (Overall)
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,814.00 K
Rank: 28 (Overall)
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
10.20 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 52 (Overall)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
314.20 kJ/mol
Rank: 45 (Overall)
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 29 (Overall)
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
343.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 38 (Overall)
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
34.60 J/mol.K
Rank: 61 (Overall)
9.5
198.1
👆🏻