1 Facts
1.1 Interesting Facts
- Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
- Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
- Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
- Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
1.2 Sources
By-product Zirconium Refining
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
1.3 History
1.3.1 Who Discovered
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
Karl Ernst Claus
1.3.2 Discovery
1.4 Abundance
1.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %4 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
1.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000005 %
1E-08
0.1
1.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
1.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
1.4.6 Abundance In Humans