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Hafnium
Hafnium
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Ruthenium
Ruthenium
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Facts About Hafnium and Ruthenium

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  • Hafnium metal is highly reactive, hence not found free in nature.
  • Hafnium metal as predicated after Mendeleev finished his periodic table.
By-product Zirconium Refining
Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy
In 1922
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  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining
Karl Ernst Claus
In 1844
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