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Plutonium
Plutonium




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What is Plutonium?

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

Pu

1.2 Group Number

0
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Gadolinium
0 17

1.3 Period Number

7
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Lithium
2 7

1.4 Block

f block

1.5 Element Family

Actinide

1.6 CAS Number

7440075
Rank: 72 (Overall)
Aluminium
7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

P121/m1

1.8 Space Group Number

11.00
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Uranium
11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.

2.2 Sources

Mining, Ores of metals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan

2.3.2 Discovery

In Between 1940 1941

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Thallium
5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Gold
1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Radium
1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

NA

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

7% - Actinide Series Metals have it !

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 37 (Overall)
Tin
0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Tin
0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

639.50 °C
Rank: 63 (Overall)
Francium
27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

3,235.00 °C
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Flerovium
147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silvery White

4.3.3 Luster

NA

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Palladium
121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

2,260.00 m/s
Rank: 41 (Overall)
Thallium
818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
58 97

4.7 Allotropes

No - Actinide Series Metals has it !

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

Pu

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

20
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Tennessine
0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.28
Rank: 33 (Overall)
Francium
0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.22
Rank: 26 (Overall)
Cesium
0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.72
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Gold
1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

584.70 kJ/mol
Rank: 61 (Overall)
Cesium
375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,128.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 72 (Overall)
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

2,084.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 71 (Overall)
Osmium
1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

3,338.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 59 (Overall)
Thorium
2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Dubnium
4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bohrium
7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Hassium
8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium
14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Strontium
17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium
19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Manganese
41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Iron
47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cobalt
52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nickel
58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Copper
64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

2.28 g/amp-hr
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

94
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f6 7s2

6.3 Crystal Structure

Monoclinic (MON)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

94
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

150
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Lithium
4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

94
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

159.00 pm
Rank: 28 (Overall)
Beryllium
112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

187.00 pm
Rank: 20 (Overall)
Beryllium
96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm
Rank: 28 (Overall)
Zinc
139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

244.00 amu
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Lithium
6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

12.32 cm3/mol
Rank: 41 (Overall)
Manganese
1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

64.90 (-eV)
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Francium
8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

618.30 pm
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Beryllium
228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

NA

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium
1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

19.82 g/cm3
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Lithium
0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

16.63 g/cm3
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Lithium
0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Indium
2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 26 (Overall)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

2.20 (Pa)
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

43.00 GPa
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Potassium
1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

96.00 GPa
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Cesium
1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.21
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

19.84
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Lithium
0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Poor Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

1.46 nΩ·m
Rank: 54 (Overall)
Thallium
0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.01 106/cm Ω
Rank: 64 (Overall)
Palladium
0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
0 222.8

2 Thermal

2.1 Specific Heat

0.13 J/(kg K)
Rank: 39 (Overall)
Americium
0.11 3.6

2.2 Molar Heat Capacity

35.50 J/mol·K
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Beryllium
16.443 62.7

2.4 Thermal Conductivity

6.74 W/m·K
Rank: 69 (Overall)
Neptunium
6.3 429

2.5 Critical Temperature

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ytterbium
26.3 3223

2.6 Thermal Expansion

46.70 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Tungsten
4.5 97

2.9 Enthalpy

2.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

344.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Zinc
7.32 799.1

2.9.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

2.82 kJ/mol
Rank: 58 (Overall)
Cesium
2.1 35.23

2.9.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

360.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 26 (Overall)
Mercury
61.5 837

2.10 Standard Molar Entropy

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium
9.5 198.1