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Yttrium
Yttrium




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What is Yttrium?

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

Y

1.2 Group Number

3
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Gadolinium
0 17

1.3 Period Number

5
Rank: 3 (Overall)
Lithium
2 7

1.4 Block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

7440655
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Aluminium
7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Plutonium
11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.

2.2 Sources

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Johan Gadolin

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1794

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

7 * 10-7 %
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Thallium
5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.0000001 %
Rank: 26 (Overall)
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Gold
1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Radium
1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

NA

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Highly Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

60% - Transition Metals Metals have it !

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 26 (Overall)
Plutonium
0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.07 p.p.m.
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Plutonium
0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

1,523.00 °C
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Francium
27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

3,337.00 °C
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Flerovium
147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silvery White

4.3.3 Luster

NA

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

589.00 MPa
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Cesium
0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Palladium
121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

3,300.00 m/s
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Thallium
818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
58 97

4.7 Allotropes

6% - Transition Metals Metals have it !

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

Y

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

19
Rank: 20 (Overall)
Tennessine
0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.22
Rank: 38 (Overall)
Francium
0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

0.65
Rank: 29 (Overall)
Cesium
0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.11
Rank: 29 (Overall)
Cesium
0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

1.12
Rank: 38 (Overall)
Cesium
0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.78
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Gold
1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

600.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 53 (Overall)
Cesium
375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,180.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 63 (Overall)
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

1,980.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 76 (Overall)
Osmium
1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

5,847.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Thorium
2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

7,430.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Dubnium
4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

8,970.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

11,190.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Bohrium
7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

12,450.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Hassium
8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

14,110.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Sodium
14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

18,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Strontium
17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

19,900.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Copper
19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

36,090.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Molybdenum
22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Manganese
41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Iron
47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cobalt
52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nickel
58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Copper
64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.11 g/amp-hr
Rank: 56 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

3.10 eV
Rank: 35 (Overall)
Cesium
2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

39
Rank: 73 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Kr] 4d1 5s2

6.3 Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

39
Rank: 72 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

50
Rank: 55 (Overall)
Lithium
4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

39
Rank: 72 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

180.00 pm
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Beryllium
112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

190.00 pm
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Beryllium
96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm
Rank: 28 (Overall)
Zinc
139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

88.91 amu
Rank: 67 (Overall)
Lithium
6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

19.80 cm3/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Manganese
1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

48.00 (-eV)
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Francium
8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

364.74 pm
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Beryllium
228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

1.57
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Beryllium
1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

4.47 g/cm3
Rank: 71 (Overall)
Lithium
0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

4.24 g/cm3
Rank: 48 (Overall)
Lithium
0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Indium
2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

4.27 (Pa)
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

25.60 GPa
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Potassium
1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

41.20 GPa
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Cesium
1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

63.50 GPa
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Cesium
1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.24
Rank: 26 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

4.47
Rank: 59 (Overall)
Lithium
0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

596.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Thallium
0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.02 106/cm Ω
Rank: 47 (Overall)
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

29.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Mercury
0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

0.30 J/(kg K)
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Americium
0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

26.53 J/mol·K
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Beryllium
16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

17.20 W/m·K
Rank: 48 (Overall)
Neptunium
6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ytterbium
26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

10.60 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 37 (Overall)
Tungsten
4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

393.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Zinc
7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

17.15 kJ/mol
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Cesium
2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

418.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Mercury
61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

44.40 J/mol.K
Rank: 33 (Overall)
Beryllium
9.5 198.1