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Yttrium
Yttrium

Cesium
Cesium



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Yttrium vs Cesium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Y
Cs
1.2 Group Number
31
Gadolinium
0 17
1.7 Period Number
56
Lithium
2 7
2.3 Block
d block
s block
2.4 Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkali
2.5 CAS Number
74406557440462
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
2.8 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
2.10 Space Group Number
194.00229.00
Plutonium
11 229
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
Not Available
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
3.3.2 Discovery
In 1794
In 1860
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-7 %8 * 10-8 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
4.1.4 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000008 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
4.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
4.5.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
4.8.4 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
4.9.7 Abundance In Humans
NA0.00 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
  • The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
  • In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
2.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
2.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
2.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
2.2 Biological Properties
2.2.1 Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Mildly Toxic
2.2.2 Present in Human Body
2.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.8.1 In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.0.05 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,523.00 °C28.50 °C
Francium
27 3410
6.6 Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C678.40 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
2.7 Appearance
2.7.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
2.7.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gold
2.7.4 Luster
NA
NA
2.8 Hardness
2.8.1 Mohs Hardness
NA0.20
Tin
0.2 8.5
3.2.3 Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa0.14 MPa
Palladium
0.14 3490
6.4.1 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
6.10 Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/sNA
Thallium
818 16200
6.14 Optical Properties
6.14.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
6.16.1 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
7.5 Allotropes
7.5.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.5.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.5.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
Y
Cs
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
1936
Tennessine
0 38
10.2 Electronegativity
10.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.220.79
Francium
0.7 2.54
10.3.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
0.650.22
Sodium
0.22 2.56
12.3.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.110.86
Potassium
0.86 1.82
12.5.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA0.62
Sodium
0.62 2.48
12.5.7 Allen Electronegativity
1.120.66
Francium
0.659 2.7
12.10 Electropositivity
12.10.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.783.21
Gold
1.46 3.3
12.13 Ionization Energies
12.13.1 1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol375.70 kJ/mol
Palladium
375.7 26130
12.14.1 2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol2,234.30 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
12.14.5 3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol3,400.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
12.16.4 4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/molNA
Thorium
2780 37066
12.19.2 5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/molNA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
14.1.3 6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
14.1.8 7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/molNA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
14.4.3 8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/molNA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
14.9.2 9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/molNA
Sodium
14110 134700
14.11.3 10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/molNA
Strontium
17100 144300
15.2.1 11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/molNA
Copper
19900 169988
16.1.1 12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
17.1.2 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
17.9.1 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
18.3.2 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
18.5.1 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
18.5.3 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
18.7.1 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
18.10.3 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
19.1.2 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
19.5.1 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
19.6.4 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
19.6.6 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
19.7.4 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
19.8.1 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
19.9.1 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
21.2.1 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
21.3.1 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
21.3.5 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
21.5.2 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
21.10 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr4.96 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
21.16 Electron Work Function
3.10 eV2.14 eV
Potassium
2.14 5.65
23.3 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
24 Atomic
24.1 Atomic Number
3955
Lithium
3 117
24.7 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
[Xe] 6s1
24.8 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
24.8.1 Crystal Lattice
24.9 Atom
24.9.1 Number of Protons
3955
Lithium
3 117
25.1.3 Number of Neutrons
5078
Lithium
4 184
25.2.5 Number of Electrons
3955
Lithium
3 117
1.4 Radius of an Atom
1.4.1 Atomic Radius
180.00 pm265.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
1.3.1 Covalent Radius
190.00 pm244.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
1.7.1 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm343.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
2.2 Atomic Weight
88.91 amu132.91 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
4.2 Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol71.07 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
4.3 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
4.3.1 Previous Element
4.3.2 Next Element
4.4 Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)8.62 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
2.3 Lattice Constant
364.74 pm614.10 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
2.9 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
2.10 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57NA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
3 Mechanical
3.1 Density
3.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm31.93 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
5.3.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm31.84 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
5.10 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.2 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.5 Vapor Pressure
7.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.10.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.27 (Pa)NA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.11 Elasticity properties
7.11.1 Shear Modulus
25.60 GPaNA
Potassium
1.3 222
7.12.3 Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa1.60 GPa
Tin
1.6 462
7.14.1 Young's Modulus
63.50 GPa1.70 GPa
Palladium
1.7 528
8.4 Poisson Ratio
0.24NA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
8.8 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile
9 Magnetic
9.1 Magnetic Characteristics
9.1.1 Specific Gravity
4.471.87
Lithium
0.53 4500
9.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
9.2.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
9.4.2 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
9.6 Electrical Properties
9.6.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
9.6.2 Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m205.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
10.3.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.05 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
10.4.2 Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol45.50 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
11 Thermal
11.1 Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
11.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K32.21 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
11.4 Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K35.90 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
11.5 Critical Temperature
NA1,938.00 K
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
11.6 Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)97.00 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
1.3 Enthalpy
1.3.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol65.90 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
1.4.5 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol2.10 kJ/mol
Tin
2.1 35.23
2.2.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol78.20 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
2.6 Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K85.20 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1