1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.7 Period Number
2.3 Block
2.4 Element Family
2.5 CAS Number
74406557440462
7429905
54386242
2.8 Space Group Name
2.10 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
Not Available
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-7 %8 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
4.1.4 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000008 %
1E-08
0.1
4.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
4.5.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.8.4 Abundance In Oceans
4.9.7 Abundance In Humans
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
-
It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
- The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
-
In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
2.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
2.1.2 Medical Uses
2.1.3 Other Uses
2.2 Biological Properties
2.2.1 Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Mildly Toxic
2.2.2 Present in Human Body
2.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.8.1 In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.0.05 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,523.00 °C28.50 °C
27
3410
6.6 Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C678.40 °C
147
5660
2.7 Appearance
2.7.1 Physical State
2.7.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gold
2.7.4 Luster
2.8 Hardness
2.8.1 Mohs Hardness
3.2.3 Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa0.14 MPa
0.14
3490
6.4.1 Vickers Hardness
6.10 Speed of Sound
6.14 Optical Properties
6.14.1 Refractive Index
6.16.1 Reflectivity
7.5 Allotropes
7.5.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.5.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.5.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
10.2 Electronegativity
10.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
10.3.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
12.3.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
12.5.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
12.5.7 Allen Electronegativity
12.10 Electropositivity
12.10.1 Pauling Electropositivity
12.13 Ionization Energies
12.13.1 1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol375.70 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
12.14.1 2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol2,234.30 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
12.14.5 3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol3,400.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
12.16.4 4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
12.19.2 5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
14.1.3 6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
14.1.8 7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
14.4.3 8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
14.9.2 9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
14.11.3 10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
15.2.1 11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
16.1.1 12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
17.1.2 13th Energy Level
17.9.1 14th Energy Level
18.3.2 15th Energy Level
18.5.1 16th Energy Level
18.5.3 17th Energy Level
18.7.1 18th Energy Level
18.10.3 19th Energy Level
19.1.2 20th Energy Level
19.5.1 21st Energy Level
19.6.4 22nd Energy Level
19.6.6 23rd Energy Level
19.7.4 24th Energy Level
19.8.1 25th Energy Level
19.9.1 26th Energy Level
21.2.1 27th Energy Level
21.3.1 28th Energy Level
21.3.5 29th Energy Level
21.5.2 30th Energy Level
21.10 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr4.96 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
21.16 Electron Work Function
23.3 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
24 Atomic
24.1 Atomic Number
24.7 Electron Configuration
24.8 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
24.8.1 Crystal Lattice
24.9 Atom
24.9.1 Number of Protons
25.1.3 Number of Neutrons
25.2.5 Number of Electrons
1.4 Radius of an Atom
1.4.1 Atomic Radius
180.00 pm265.00 pm
112
265
1.3.1 Covalent Radius
190.00 pm244.00 pm
96
260
1.7.1 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm343.00 pm
139
348
2.2 Atomic Weight
88.91 amu132.91 amu
6.94
294
4.2 Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol71.07 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
4.3 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
4.3.1 Previous Element
4.3.2 Next Element
4.4 Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)8.62 (-eV)
8
392.42
2.3 Lattice Constant
364.74 pm614.10 pm
228.58
891.25
2.9 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
2.10 Lattice C/A Ratio
3 Mechanical
3.1 Density
3.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm31.93 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
5.3.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm31.84 g/cm3
0.512
20
5.10 Tensile Strength
7.2 Viscosity
7.5 Vapor Pressure
7.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
7.10.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.11 Elasticity properties
7.11.1 Shear Modulus
7.12.3 Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa1.60 GPa
1.6
462
7.14.1 Young's Modulus
63.50 GPa1.70 GPa
1.7
528
8.4 Poisson Ratio
8.8 Other Mechanical Properties
9 Magnetic
9.1 Magnetic Characteristics
9.1.1 Specific Gravity
9.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
9.2.3 Permeability
9.4.2 Susceptibility
9.6 Electrical Properties
9.6.1 Electrical Property
9.6.2 Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m205.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
10.3.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.05 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
10.4.2 Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol45.50 kJ/mol
0
222.8
11 Thermal
11.1 Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
11.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K32.21 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
11.4 Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K35.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
11.5 Critical Temperature
11.6 Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)97.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
1.3 Enthalpy
1.3.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol65.90 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
1.4.5 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol2.10 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
2.2.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol78.20 kJ/mol
61.5
837
2.6 Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K85.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1