Symbol
Y
Hs
Group Number
38
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
57
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
744065554037579
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
-
Space Group Number
194.00166.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
- Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
- Hassium metals rate of decay is very high.
- Hassium metals 1st sample was synthesized through a nuclear reaction.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Synthetically Produced
History
Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung
Discovery
In 1794
In 1984
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.00 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %-
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %-
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %-
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %-
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
-
It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
- Currently known uses of Hassium metal are limited to research purpose only.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
-
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Research Purposes
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
-
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,523.00 °C-
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C0.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
-
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.004.50
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa230.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
590.00 MPa2,450.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s2,760.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.901.30
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
83.00 %69.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Y
Hs
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
197
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.222.20
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.651.30
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.111.30
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.221.30
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.121.30
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.782.00
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol733.30 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol1,756.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol2,827.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol3,637.50 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/mol4,940.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/mol6,175.10 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/mol7,535.50 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/mol8,857.40 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/mol5,400.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/mol6,100.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/mol6,100.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/mol3,500.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
6,000.00 kJ/mol4,200.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
6,000.00 kJ/mol1,124.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
60,000.00 kJ/mol68,200.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
60,000.00 kJ/mol32,800.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol1,089.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
6,000.00 kJ/mol3,300.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol1,086.50 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol880.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol1,086.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol350.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol1,120.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol540.90 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol610.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol587.40 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol880.00 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol840.00 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol867.80 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr3.00 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
3.10 eV4.90 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Atomic Number
39108
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
39108
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
50158
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
39108
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm126.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm134.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm0.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
88.91 amu269.00 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol22.70 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)0.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
364.74 pm-
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
-
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.571.31
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm340.70 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm341.00 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
160.00 MPa80.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.27 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
25.60 GPa40.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa40.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
63.50 GPa40.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.240.34
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
4.4741.00
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
-
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
-
Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m41.00 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.00 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol63.20 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K25.92 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K0.00 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,799.00 K1,323.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)21.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol126.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol-
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol-
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K57.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻