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Beryllium
Beryllium




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What is Beryllium?

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

Be

1.2 Group Number

2
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Gadolinium
0 17

1.3 Period Number

2
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Lithium
2 7

1.4 Block

s block

1.5 Element Family

Alkaline Earth

1.6 CAS Number

7440417
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Aluminium
7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Plutonium
11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.

2.2 Sources

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Louis Nicolas Vauquelin

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1797

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

1 * 10-7 %
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Thallium
5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.00000001 %
Rank: 29 (Overall)
Palladium
1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %
Rank: 47 (Overall)
Gold
1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %
Rank: 35 (Overall)
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %
Rank: 39 (Overall)
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

0.00 %
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Radium
1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

NA

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

83% - Alkaline Earth Metals Metals have it !

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Plutonium
0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Plutonium
0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

1,278.00 °C
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Francium
27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,970.00 °C
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Flerovium
147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

White Gray

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

5.50
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Cesium
0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

590.00 MPa
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Cesium
0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

1,670.00 MPa
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Palladium
121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

12,890.00 m/s
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Thallium
818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
58 97

4.7 Allotropes

No - Alkaline Earth Metals Metals has it !

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

Be

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

9
Rank: 29 (Overall)
Tennessine
0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.57
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Francium
0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

1.81
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Cesium
0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.47
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Cesium
0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.54
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Cesium
0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

1.58
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Cesium
0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.43
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Gold
1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

899.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Cesium
375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,757.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

14,848.70 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Osmium
1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

21,006.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Thorium
2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Dubnium
4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bohrium
7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Hassium
8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium
14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Strontium
17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium
19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Manganese
41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Iron
47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cobalt
52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nickel
58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Copper
64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

0.17 g/amp-hr
Rank: 76 (Overall)
Palladium
0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

4.98 eV
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Cesium
2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

4
Rank: 91 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[He] 2s2

6.3 Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

4
Rank: 90 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

5
Rank: 67 (Overall)
Lithium
4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

4
Rank: 90 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

112.00 pm
Rank: 51 (Overall)
Palladium
112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

96.00 pm
Rank: 54 (Overall)
Palladium
96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

153.00 pm
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Zinc
139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

9.01 amu
Rank: 85 (Overall)
Lithium
6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

5.00 cm3/mol
Rank: 63 (Overall)
Manganese
1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

82.00 (-eV)
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Francium
8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

228.58 pm
Rank: 69 (Overall)
Palladium
228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

1.57
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Cadmium
1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

1.85 g/cm3
Rank: 78 (Overall)
Lithium
0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

1.69 g/cm3
Rank: 54 (Overall)
Lithium
0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Indium
2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

132.00 GPa
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Potassium
1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

130.00 GPa
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Cesium
1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

287.00 GPa
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Cesium
1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.03
Rank: 35 (Overall)
Iron
0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

NA

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

1.85
Rank: 65 (Overall)
Lithium
0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Semiconductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

36.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 47 (Overall)
Thallium
0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.31 106/cm Ω
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

0.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 40 (Overall)
Mercury
0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

1.82 J/(kg K)
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Americium
0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

16.44 J/mol·K
Rank: 56 (Overall)
Palladium
16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

200.00 W/m·K
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Neptunium
6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ytterbium
26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

11.30 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 34 (Overall)
Tungsten
4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

294.70 kJ/mol
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Zinc
7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

11.72 kJ/mol
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Cesium
2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

326.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Mercury
61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

9.50 J/mol.K
Rank: 58 (Overall)
Palladium
9.5 198.1