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Beryllium
Beryllium




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What is Beryllium?

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Periodic Table

Symbol

Be

Group Number

2
Rank: 16 (Overall)
0 17
👆🏻

Period Number

2
Rank: 6 (Overall)
2 7
👆🏻

Block

s block

Element Family

Alkaline Earth

CAS Number

7440417
Rank: 43 (Overall)
7429905 54386242
👆🏻

Space Group Name

P63/mmc

Space Group Number

194.00
Rank: 5 (Overall)
11 229
👆🏻

Facts

Interesting Facts

  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.

Sources

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals

History

Who Discovered

Louis Nicolas Vauquelin

Discovery

In 1797

Abundance

Abundance In Universe

0.00 %
Rank: 23 (Overall)
5E-09 0.11
👆🏻

Abundance In Sun

0.00 %
Rank: 29 (Overall)
1E-08 0.1
👆🏻

Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %
Rank: 47 (Overall)
1.7E-07 22
👆🏻

Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %
Rank: 35 (Overall)
9.9E-12 8.1
👆🏻

Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %
Rank: 39 (Overall)
2E-23 1.1
👆🏻

Abundance In Humans

0.00 %
Rank: 19 (Overall)
1E-13 1.4
👆🏻

Uses

Uses & Benefits

  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.

Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Medical Uses

NA

Other Uses

Alloys

Biological Properties

Toxicity

Toxic

Present in Human Body

83% - Alkaline Earth Metals Metals have it !

In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 32 (Overall)
0 1970
👆🏻

In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.
Rank: 32 (Overall)
0 170000
👆🏻

Physical

Melting Point

1,278.00 °C
Rank: 36 (Overall)
27 3410
👆🏻

Boiling Point

2,970.00 °C
Rank: 32 (Overall)
147 5660
👆🏻

Appearance

Physical State

Solid

Color

White Gray

Luster

Metallic

Hardness

Mohs Hardness

5.50
Rank: 7 (Overall)
0.2 8.5
👆🏻

Brinell Hardness

590.00 MPa
Rank: 21 (Overall)
0.14 3490
👆🏻

Vickers Hardness

1,670.00 MPa
Rank: 4 (Overall)
121 3430
👆🏻

Speed of Sound

12,890.00 m/s
Rank: 2 (Overall)
818 16200
👆🏻

Optical Properties

Refractive Index

Not Available
1.000933 1.7229
👆🏻

Reflectivity

Not Available
58 97
👆🏻

Allotropes

No - Alkaline Earth Metals Metals has it !

α Allotropes

Not Available

β Allotropes

Not Available

γ Allotropes

Not Available

Chemical

Chemical Formula

Be

Isotopes

Known Isotopes

9
Rank: 29 (Overall)
0 38
👆🏻

Electronegativity

Pauling Electronegativity

1.57
Rank: 24 (Overall)
0.7 2.54
👆🏻

Sanderson Electronegativity

1.81
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0.22 2.56
👆🏻

Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.47
Rank: 14 (Overall)
0.86 1.82
👆🏻

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.54
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0.62 2.48
👆🏻

Allen Electronegativity

1.58
Rank: 23 (Overall)
0.659 2.7
👆🏻

Electropositivity

Pauling Electropositivity

2.43
Rank: 30 (Overall)
1.46 3.3
👆🏻

Ionization Energies

1st Energy Level

899.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)
375.7 26130
👆🏻

2nd Energy Level

1,757.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 23 (Overall)
710.2162 28750
👆🏻

3rd Energy Level

14,848.70 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
1600 34230
👆🏻

4th Energy Level

21,006.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
2780 37066
👆🏻

5th Energy Level

Not Available
4305.2 97510
👆🏻

6th Energy Level

Not Available
5715.8 105800
👆🏻

7th Energy level

Not Available
7226.8 114300
👆🏻

8th Energy Level

Not Available
8857.4 125300
👆🏻

9th Energy Level

Not Available
14110 134700
👆🏻

10th Energy Level

Not Available
17100 144300
👆🏻

11th Energy Level

Not Available
19900 169988
👆🏻

12th Energy Level

Not Available
22219 189368
👆🏻

13th Energy Level

Not Available
26930 76015
👆🏻

14th Energy Level

Not Available
29196 86450
👆🏻

15th Energy Level

Not Available
41987 97510
👆🏻

16th Energy Level

Not Available
47206 109480
👆🏻

17th Energy Level

Not Available
52737 122200
👆🏻

18th Energy Level

Not Available
58570 134810
👆🏻

19th Energy Level

Not Available
64702 148700
👆🏻

20th Energy Level

Not Available
80400 171200
👆🏻

21st Energy Level

Not Available
87000 179100
👆🏻

22nd Energy Level

Not Available
93400 184900
👆🏻

23rd Energy Level

Not Available
98420 198800
👆🏻

24th Energy Level

Not Available
104400 195200
👆🏻

25th Energy Level

Not Available
121900 121900
👆🏻

26th Energy Level

Not Available
127700 127700
👆🏻

27th Energy Level

Not Available
133800 133800
👆🏻

28th Energy Level

Not Available
139800 139800
👆🏻

29th Energy Level

Not Available
148100 148100
👆🏻

30th Energy Level

Not Available
154500 154500
👆🏻

Electrochemical Equivalent

0.17 g/amp-hr
Rank: 76 (Overall)
0.16812 8.3209
👆🏻

Electron Work Function

4.98 eV
Rank: 6 (Overall)
2.14 5.65
👆🏻

Other Chemical Properties

Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

Atomic

Atomic Number

4
Rank: 91 (Overall)
3 117
👆🏻

Electron Configuration

[He] 2s2

Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

Crystal Lattice

Atom

Number of Protons

4
Rank: 90 (Overall)
3 117
👆🏻

Number of Neutrons

5
Rank: 67 (Overall)
4 184
👆🏻

Number of Electrons

4
Rank: 90 (Overall)
3 117
👆🏻

Radius of an Atom

Atomic Radius

112.00 pm
Rank: 51 (Overall)
112 265
👆🏻

Covalent Radius

96.00 pm
Rank: 54 (Overall)
96 260
👆🏻

Van der Waals Radius

153.00 pm
Rank: 43 (Overall)
139 348
👆🏻

Atomic Weight

9.01 amu
Rank: 85 (Overall)
6.94 294
👆🏻

Atomic Volume

5.00 cm3/mol
Rank: 63 (Overall)
1.39 71.07
👆🏻

Adjacent Atomic Numbers

Previous Element

Next Element

Valence Electron Potential

82.00 (-eV)
Rank: 15 (Overall)
8 392.42
👆🏻

Lattice Constant

228.58 pm
Rank: 69 (Overall)
228.58 891.25
👆🏻

Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

Lattice C/A Ratio

1.57
Rank: 18 (Overall)
1.567 1.886
👆🏻

Mechanical

Density

Density At Room Temperature

1.85 g/cm3
Rank: 78 (Overall)
0.534 40.7
👆🏻

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

1.69 g/cm3
Rank: 54 (Overall)
0.512 20
👆🏻

Tensile Strength

Not Available
2.5 11000
👆🏻

Viscosity

Not Available
0.001526 0.001526
👆🏻

Vapor Pressure

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 19 (Overall)
2.47E-11 121
👆🏻

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

Not Available
2.62E-10 774
👆🏻

Elasticity properties

Shear Modulus

132.00 GPa
Rank: 7 (Overall)
1.3 222
👆🏻

Bulk Modulus

130.00 GPa
Rank: 13 (Overall)
1.6 462
👆🏻

Young's Modulus

287.00 GPa
Rank: 7 (Overall)
1.7 528
👆🏻

Poisson Ratio

0.03
Rank: 35 (Overall)
0.032 0.47
👆🏻

Other Mechanical Properties

NA

Magnetic

Magnetic Characteristics

Specific Gravity

1.85
Rank: 65 (Overall)
0.53 4500
👆🏻

Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

Permeability

Not Available
1.25643E-06 0.0063
👆🏻

Susceptibility

Not Available
-0.000166 200000
👆🏻

Electrical Properties

Electrical Property

Semiconductor

Resistivity

36.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 47 (Overall)
0.18 961
👆🏻

Electrical Conductivity

0.31 106/cm Ω
Rank: 5 (Overall)
0.00666 0.63
👆🏻

Electron Affinity

0.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 40 (Overall)
0 222.8
👆🏻

Thermal

Specific Heat

1.82 J/(kg K)
Rank: 2 (Overall)
0.11 3.6
👆🏻

Molar Heat Capacity

16.44 J/mol·K
Rank: 56 (Overall)
16.443 62.7
👆🏻

Thermal Conductivity

200.00 W/m·K
Rank: 6 (Overall)
6.3 429
👆🏻

Critical Temperature

Not Available
26.3 3223
👆🏻

Thermal Expansion

11.30 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 34 (Overall)
4.5 97
👆🏻

Enthalpy

Enthalpy of Vaporization

294.70 kJ/mol
Rank: 30 (Overall)
7.32 799.1
👆🏻

Enthalpy of Fusion

11.72 kJ/mol
Rank: 30 (Overall)
2.1 35.23
👆🏻

Enthalpy of Atomization

326.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 30 (Overall)
61.5 837
👆🏻

Standard Molar Entropy

9.50 J/mol.K
Rank: 58 (Overall)
9.5 198.1
👆🏻