1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.7 Period Number
2.5 Block
2.6 Element Family
2.7 CAS Number
74404177440133
7429905
54386242
2.8 Space Group Name
2.9 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
- Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
- It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
- Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
- Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
3.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
William Crookes
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.4.4 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
4.2.4 Abundance In Meteorites
4.2.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.1.1 Abundance In Oceans
5.2.1 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
- Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
- Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
6.1.2 Medical Uses
6.1.3 Other Uses
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
6.4.2 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
1,278.00 °C1,568.00 °C
27
3410
7.2 Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C4,027.00 °C
147
5660
7.4 Appearance
7.4.1 Physical State
7.4.2 Color
7.4.3 Luster
7.5 Hardness
7.5.1 Mohs Hardness
7.6.3 Brinell Hardness
8.2.2 Vickers Hardness
8.4 Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/sNA
818
16200
8.5 Optical Properties
8.5.1 Refractive Index
8.5.2 Reflectivity
8.6 Allotropes
8.6.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.6.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.3 Electronegativity
9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.4.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.5.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.5.6 Allen Electronegativity
9.6 Electropositivity
9.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.7 Ionization Energies
9.7.1 1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol568.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.7.3 2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol1,128.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.7.5 3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol1,814.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.7.7 4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol2,991.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.7.9 5th Energy Level
9.7.11 6th Energy Level
9.7.12 7th Energy level
9.7.14 8th Energy Level
9.7.16 9th Energy Level
9.7.17 10th Energy Level
9.7.19 11th Energy Level
9.7.21 12th Energy Level
9.7.24 13th Energy Level
9.7.26 14th Energy Level
9.7.28 15th Energy Level
9.7.31 16th Energy Level
9.7.33 17th Energy Level
9.7.36 18th Energy Level
9.7.38 19th Energy Level
9.7.40 20th Energy Level
9.7.42 21st Energy Level
9.7.44 22nd Energy Level
9.7.46 23rd Energy Level
9.7.48 24th Energy Level
9.8.1 25th Energy Level
9.8.2 26th Energy Level
9.9.1 27th Energy Level
10.1.1 28th Energy Level
10.1.2 29th Energy Level
10.4.2 30th Energy Level
10.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr1.72 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
10.6 Electron Work Function
10.7 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
11 Atomic
11.1 Atomic Number
11.3 Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
11.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Tetragonal (TETR)
11.4.1 Crystal Lattice
11.5 Atom
11.5.1 Number of Protons
11.5.3 Number of Neutrons
11.6.1 Number of Electrons
11.8 Radius of an Atom
11.8.1 Atomic Radius
112.00 pm163.00 pm
112
265
11.10.1 Covalent Radius
11.10.2 Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm243.00 pm
139
348
11.12 Atomic Weight
9.01 amu231.04 amu
6.94
294
11.15 Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol15.00 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
12.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
12.2.1 Previous Element
12.2.2 Next Element
12.3 Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)92.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
12.4 Lattice Constant
228.58 pm392.50 pm
228.58
891.25
12.6 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
12.7 Lattice C/A Ratio
13 Mechanical
13.1 Density
13.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm315.37 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
13.2.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.4 Tensile Strength
13.5 Viscosity
13.6 Vapor Pressure
13.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
13.6.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.7 Elasticity properties
13.7.1 Shear Modulus
13.8.1 Bulk Modulus
14.1.2 Young's Modulus
14.2 Poisson Ratio
14.3 Other Mechanical Properties
15 Magnetic
15.1 Magnetic Characteristics
15.1.1 Specific Gravity
15.2.3 Magnetic Ordering
15.2.4 Permeability
15.2.5 Susceptibility
15.3 Electrical Properties
15.3.1 Electrical Property
15.3.2 Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m177.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
15.3.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω0.05 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
16.1.1 Electron Affinity
17 Thermal
17.1 Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)0.12 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
17.3 Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
17.5 Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K47.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
17.7 Critical Temperature
17.8 Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)9.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
17.10 Enthalpy
17.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
17.10.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol12.34 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
17.10.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
17.12 Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K198.10 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1