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Beryllium
Beryllium




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Be Element

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

Be

1.2 Group Number

2
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Gadolinium Metal
0 17

1.3 Period Number

2
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
2 7

1.4 Block

s block

1.5 Element Family

Alkaline Earth

1.6 CAS Number

7440417
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.

2.2 Sources

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Louis Nicolas Vauquelin

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1797

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

1 * 10-7 %
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.00000001 %
Rank: 29 (Overall)
Palladium
1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %
Rank: 47 (Overall)
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %
Rank: 35 (Overall)
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %
Rank: 39 (Overall)
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

0.00 %
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

NA

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

83% - Alkaline Earth Metals Metals have it !

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

1,278.00 °C
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Francium Metal
27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,970.00 °C
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Flerovium Metal
147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

White Gray

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

5.50
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

590.00 MPa
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

1,670.00 MPa
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Palladium Metal
121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

12,890.00 m/s
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Thallium Metal
818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
58 97

4.7 Allotropes

No - Alkaline Earth Metals Metals has it !

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

Be

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

9
Rank: 29 (Overall)
Tennessine Metal
0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.57
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

1.81
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.47
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.54
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

1.58
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.43
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

899.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,757.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

14,848.70 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Osmium Metal
1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

21,006.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Thorium Metal
2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Strontium Metal
17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Manganese Metal
41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Iron Metal
47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nickel Metal
58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Copper Metal
64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

0.17 g/amp-hr
Rank: 76 (Overall)
Palladium
0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

4.98 eV
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

4
Rank: 91 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[He] 2s2

6.3 Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

4
Rank: 90 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

5
Rank: 67 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

4
Rank: 90 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

112.00 pm
Rank: 51 (Overall)
Palladium
112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

96.00 pm
Rank: 54 (Overall)
Palladium
96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

153.00 pm
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Zinc Metal
139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

9.01 amu
Rank: 85 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

5.00 cm3/mol
Rank: 63 (Overall)
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

82.00 (-eV)
Rank: 15 (Overall)
Francium Metal
8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

228.58 pm
Rank: 69 (Overall)
Palladium
228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

1.57
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Cadmium Metal
1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

1.85 g/cm3
Rank: 78 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

1.69 g/cm3
Rank: 54 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Indium Metal
2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

132.00 GPa
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Potassium Metal
1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

130.00 GPa
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

287.00 GPa
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.03
Rank: 35 (Overall)
Iron
0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

NA

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

1.85
Rank: 65 (Overall)
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Semiconductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

36.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 47 (Overall)
Thallium Metal
0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.31 106/cm Ω
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

0.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 40 (Overall)
Mercury Metal
0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

1.82 J/(kg K)
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

16.44 J/mol·K
Rank: 56 (Overall)
Palladium
16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

200.00 W/m·K
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

11.30 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 34 (Overall)
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

294.70 kJ/mol
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

11.72 kJ/mol
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

326.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 30 (Overall)
Mercury Metal
61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

9.50 J/mol.K
Rank: 58 (Overall)
Palladium
9.5 198.1