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Beryllium
Beryllium

Cesium
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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Be
Cs
1.2 Group Number
21
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
26
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
s block
s block
1.5 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Alkali
1.6 CAS Number
74404177440462
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00229.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
Not Available
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1797
In 1860
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %8 * 10-8 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %~0.0000008 %
Palladium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  • The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
  • In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Mildly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.05 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,278.00 °C28.50 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C678.40 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
White Gray
Silvery Gold
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
NA
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.500.20
Tin
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa0.14 MPa
Palladium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPaNA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/sNA
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Be
Cs
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
936
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.570.79
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.810.22
Sodium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.470.86
Potassium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.540.62
Sodium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.580.66
Francium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.433.21
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol375.70 kJ/mol
Palladium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol2,234.30 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol3,400.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/molNA
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr4.96 g/amp-hr
Palladium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
4.98 eV2.14 eV
Potassium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
455
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2
[Xe] 6s1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
455
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
578
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
455
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
112.00 pm265.00 pm
Palladium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
96.00 pm244.00 pm
Palladium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm343.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
9.01 amu132.91 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol71.07 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)8.62 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
228.58 pm614.10 pm
Palladium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57NA
Cadmium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm31.93 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm31.84 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
132.00 GPaNA
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa1.60 GPa
Tin
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa1.70 GPa
Palladium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.03NA
Iron
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
1.851.87
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Semiconductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m205.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω0.05 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol45.50 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)0.24 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K32.21 J/mol·K
Palladium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K35.90 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NA1,938.00 K
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)97.00 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol65.90 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol2.10 kJ/mol
Tin
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol78.20 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K85.20 J/mol.K
Palladium
9.5 198.1