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Cesium
Cesium

Rubidium
Rubidium



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Cesium vs Rubidium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Cs
Rb
1.2 Group Number
11
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
65
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
s block
s block
1.5 Element Family
Alkali
Alkali
1.6 CAS Number
74404627440177
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
229.00229.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Obtained from Lithium Production.
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1860
In 1861
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-8 %1 * 10-6 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %~0.000003 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.5.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.01 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.5.3 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.6.1 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
  • In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Research Purposes
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
Non Toxic
3.2.3 Present in Human Body
3.2.4 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-32.49 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
4.1.1 In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.5.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
28.50 °C38.89 °C
Francium
27 3410
1.3 Boiling Point
678.40 °C688.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
1.8 Appearance
1.8.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
1.8.2 Color
Silvery Gold
Grayish White
1.8.3 Luster
NA
NA
1.9 Hardness
1.9.1 Mohs Hardness
0.200.30
Tin
0.2 8.5
1.9.5 Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPa0.22 MPa
Palladium
0.14 3490
1.10.1 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
1.11 Speed of Sound
NA1,300.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
1.14 Optical Properties
1.14.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
2.1.1 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
2.2 Allotropes
2.2.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
2.2.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
2.2.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3 Chemical
3.1 Chemical Formula
Cs
Rb
3.2 Isotopes
3.2.1 Known Isotopes
3629
Tennessine
0 38
3.7 Electronegativity
3.7.1 Pauling Electronegativity
0.790.82
Francium
0.7 2.54
3.8.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
0.220.31
Sodium
0.22 2.56
3.9.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.860.89
Potassium
0.86 1.82
3.9.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.620.69
Sodium
0.62 2.48
3.10.2 Allen Electronegativity
0.660.71
Francium
0.659 2.7
3.11 Electropositivity
3.11.2 Pauling Electropositivity
3.213.18
Gold
1.46 3.3
3.15 Ionization Energies
3.15.1 1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
Palladium
375.7 26130
3.15.4 2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol2,633.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
3.16.1 3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol3,860.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
3.17.1 4th Energy Level
NA5,080.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
3.19.2 5th Energy Level
NA6,850.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
4.1.4 6th Energy Level
NA8,140.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
4.2.3 7th Energy level
NA9,570.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
4.5.2 8th Energy Level
NA13,120.00 kJ/mol
Hassium
8857.4 125300
4.7.1 9th Energy Level
NA14,500.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
14110 134700
4.8.2 10th Energy Level
NA26,740.00 kJ/mol
Strontium
17100 144300
5.1.3 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.2.3 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.4.1 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.6.2 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
6.1.3 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
6.2.5 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
6.2.8 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
6.3.4 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
6.4.1 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
7.1.4 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
7.1.7 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
8.1.1 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
8.2.2 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
8.4.3 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
8.5.1 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
8.6.2 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
8.7.2 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
8.7.4 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
8.7.8 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
9.1.1 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
9.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr3.19 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
9.4 Electron Work Function
2.14 eV2.16 eV
Potassium
2.14 5.65
9.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
5537
Lithium
3 117
10.4 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s1
[Kr] 5s1
10.5 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
10.5.1 Crystal Lattice
10.6 Atom
10.6.1 Number of Protons
5537
Lithium
3 117
10.8.1 Number of Neutrons
7848
Lithium
4 184
10.9.2 Number of Electrons
5537
Lithium
3 117
10.10 Radius of an Atom
10.10.1 Atomic Radius
265.00 pm248.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
10.10.3 Covalent Radius
244.00 pm220.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
10.10.4 Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm303.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
10.11 Atomic Weight
132.91 amu85.47 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
10.13 Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol55.90 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
10.14 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.14.1 Previous Element
10.14.2 Next Element
10.15 Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)9.47 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
10.16 Lattice Constant
614.10 pm558.50 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
10.17 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
10.18 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm31.53 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm31.46 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
11.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
11.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
11.4 Vapor Pressure
11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
11.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
11.5 Elasticity properties
11.5.1 Shear Modulus
NANA
Potassium
1.3 222
11.5.2 Bulk Modulus
1.60 GPa2.50 GPa
Tin
1.6 462
11.5.3 Young's Modulus
1.70 GPa2.40 GPa
Palladium
1.7 528
11.6 Poisson Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
11.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
1.871.53
Lithium
0.53 4500
1.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
1.2.2 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
1.2.3 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
1.4 Electrical Properties
1.4.1 Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
1.4.2 Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m128.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
1.7.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
1.9.1 Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol46.90 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
2 Thermal
2.1 Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)0.36 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
3.5 Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K31.06 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
3.6 Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K58.20 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
3.7 Critical Temperature
1,938.00 K2,093.00 K
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
3.8 Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)90.00 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
3.9 Enthalpy
3.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol69.20 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
3.9.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol2.19 kJ/mol
Tin
2.1 35.23
4.2.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol82.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
4.3 Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K76.80 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1