1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.6 Block
1.7 Element Family
1.8 CAS Number
74404627440177
7429905
54386242
1.12 Space Group Name
1.13 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
- Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
2.3 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Obtained from Lithium Production.
2.4 History
2.4.1 Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
2.5.1 Discovery
2.7 Abundance
2.7.1 Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-8 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %~0.000003 %
1E-08
0.1
3.6.2 Abundance In Meteorites
4.4.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
4.4.8 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
-
In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
- Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
- Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Research Purposes
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-32.49 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.6 In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.5.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
8.3 Boiling Point
678.40 °C688.00 °C
147
5660
9.5 Appearance
9.5.1 Physical State
9.5.2 Color
Silvery Gold
Grayish White
9.5.3 Luster
9.6 Hardness
9.6.1 Mohs Hardness
9.6.5 Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPa0.22 MPa
0.14
3490
10.2.1 Vickers Hardness
10.6 Speed of Sound
11.4 Optical Properties
11.4.1 Refractive Index
11.6.2 Reflectivity
11.7 Allotropes
11.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
12 Chemical
12.1 Chemical Formula
12.2 Isotopes
12.2.1 Known Isotopes
12.3 Electronegativity
12.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
12.5.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
12.6.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
12.6.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
12.7.2 Allen Electronegativity
12.8 Electropositivity
12.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
13.3 Ionization Energies
13.3.1 1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
13.3.3 2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol2,633.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
13.4.2 3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol3,860.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
13.4.4 4th Energy Level
NA5,080.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
13.4.8 5th Energy Level
NA6,850.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
13.4.12 6th Energy Level
NA8,140.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
13.4.16 7th Energy level
NA9,570.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
13.4.19 8th Energy Level
NA13,120.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
13.4.24 9th Energy Level
NA14,500.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
13.5.3 10th Energy Level
NA26,740.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
13.6.3 11th Energy Level
13.8.1 12th Energy Level
14.1.2 13th Energy Level
14.4.4 14th Energy Level
14.4.6 15th Energy Level
14.5.3 16th Energy Level
14.5.6 17th Energy Level
14.7.1 18th Energy Level
14.9.1 19th Energy Level
14.10.2 20th Energy Level
15.1.2 21st Energy Level
15.1.4 22nd Energy Level
15.1.6 23rd Energy Level
15.3.1 24th Energy Level
15.4.3 25th Energy Level
15.5.2 26th Energy Level
15.5.5 27th Energy Level
15.5.7 28th Energy Level
15.6.1 29th Energy Level
16.1.2 30th Energy Level
16.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr3.19 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
16.4 Electron Work Function
16.5 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
17 Atomic
17.1 Atomic Number
18.2 Electron Configuration
18.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
18.3.1 Crystal Lattice
18.4 Atom
18.4.1 Number of Protons
18.6.2 Number of Neutrons
18.7.1 Number of Electrons
18.9 Radius of an Atom
18.9.1 Atomic Radius
265.00 pm248.00 pm
112
265
18.9.3 Covalent Radius
244.00 pm220.00 pm
96
260
18.10.3 Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm303.00 pm
139
348
18.11 Atomic Weight
132.91 amu85.47 amu
6.94
294
18.12 Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol55.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
18.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
18.13.1 Previous Element
18.13.2 Next Element
18.14 Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)9.47 (-eV)
8
392.42
18.16 Lattice Constant
614.10 pm558.50 pm
228.58
891.25
18.18 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
18.19 Lattice C/A Ratio
19 Mechanical
19.1 Density
19.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm31.53 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
19.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm31.46 g/cm3
0.512
20
20.2 Tensile Strength
20.6 Viscosity
20.7 Vapor Pressure
20.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
20.7.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
20.8 Elasticity properties
20.8.1 Shear Modulus
20.8.2 Bulk Modulus
20.9.2 Young's Modulus
20.10 Poisson Ratio
20.11 Other Mechanical Properties
21 Magnetic
21.1 Magnetic Characteristics
21.1.1 Specific Gravity
21.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
21.2.2 Permeability
21.3.1 Susceptibility
21.4 Electrical Properties
21.4.1 Electrical Property
21.4.2 Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m128.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
21.6.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
21.7.1 Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol46.90 kJ/mol
0
222.8
23 Thermal
23.1 Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)0.36 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
23.2 Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K31.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
23.3 Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K58.20 W/m·K
6.3
429
23.5 Critical Temperature
1,938.00 K2,093.00 K
26.3
3223
23.7 Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)90.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
23.9 Enthalpy
23.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol69.20 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
23.9.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol2.19 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
23.10.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol82.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
23.11 Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K76.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1