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Cesium
Cesium

Rubidium
Rubidium



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Cesium vs Rubidium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Cs
Rb
1.2 Group Number
11
Gadolinium
0 17
1.4 Period Number
65
Lithium
2 7
1.6 Block
s block
s block
1.7 Element Family
Alkali
Alkali
1.8 CAS Number
74404627440177
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.12 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
1.13 Space Group Number
229.00229.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
  • Rubidium metal is 16th most common element found in the earth crust.
  • Rubidium metal also found in minerals as well as seawater.
2.3 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Obtained from Lithium Production.
2.4 History
2.4.1 Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
2.5.1 Discovery
In 1860
In 1861
2.7 Abundance
2.7.1 Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-8 %1 * 10-6 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
3.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %~0.000003 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
3.6.2 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
4.4.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.01 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
4.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
4.4.8 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
  • The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
  • In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
  • Rubidium's main application is in the glass manufacturing.
  • Rubidium can very easily get ionized and hence it is used for ion engines, but it is still less efficient than that of Caesium.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
5.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
5.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Research Purposes
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
Mildly Toxic
Non Toxic
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-32.49 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
5.2.6 In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.5.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
28.50 °C38.89 °C
Francium
27 3410
8.3 Boiling Point
678.40 °C688.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
9.5 Appearance
9.5.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
9.5.2 Color
Silvery Gold
Grayish White
9.5.3 Luster
NA
NA
9.6 Hardness
9.6.1 Mohs Hardness
0.200.30
Tin
0.2 8.5
9.6.5 Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPa0.22 MPa
Palladium
0.14 3490
10.2.1 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
10.6 Speed of Sound
NA1,300.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
11.4 Optical Properties
11.4.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
11.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
11.7 Allotropes
11.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
12 Chemical
12.1 Chemical Formula
Cs
Rb
12.2 Isotopes
12.2.1 Known Isotopes
3629
Tennessine
0 38
12.3 Electronegativity
12.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
0.790.82
Francium
0.7 2.54
12.5.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
0.220.31
Sodium
0.22 2.56
12.6.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
0.860.89
Potassium
0.86 1.82
12.6.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
0.620.69
Sodium
0.62 2.48
12.7.2 Allen Electronegativity
0.660.71
Francium
0.659 2.7
12.8 Electropositivity
12.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
3.213.18
Gold
1.46 3.3
13.3 Ionization Energies
13.3.1 1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol403.00 kJ/mol
Palladium
375.7 26130
13.3.3 2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol2,633.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
13.4.2 3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol3,860.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
13.4.4 4th Energy Level
NA5,080.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
13.4.8 5th Energy Level
NA6,850.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
13.4.12 6th Energy Level
NA8,140.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
13.4.16 7th Energy level
NA9,570.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
13.4.19 8th Energy Level
NA13,120.00 kJ/mol
Hassium
8857.4 125300
13.4.24 9th Energy Level
NA14,500.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
14110 134700
13.5.3 10th Energy Level
NA26,740.00 kJ/mol
Strontium
17100 144300
13.6.3 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
13.8.1 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
14.1.2 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
14.4.4 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
14.4.6 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
14.5.3 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
14.5.6 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
14.7.1 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
14.9.1 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
14.10.2 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
15.1.2 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
15.1.4 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
15.1.6 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
15.3.1 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
15.4.3 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
15.5.2 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
15.5.5 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
15.5.7 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
15.6.1 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
16.1.2 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
16.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr3.19 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
16.4 Electron Work Function
2.14 eV2.16 eV
Potassium
2.14 5.65
16.5 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
17 Atomic
17.1 Atomic Number
5537
Lithium
3 117
18.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 6s1
[Kr] 5s1
18.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
18.3.1 Crystal Lattice
18.4 Atom
18.4.1 Number of Protons
5537
Lithium
3 117
18.6.2 Number of Neutrons
7848
Lithium
4 184
18.7.1 Number of Electrons
5537
Lithium
3 117
18.9 Radius of an Atom
18.9.1 Atomic Radius
265.00 pm248.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
18.9.3 Covalent Radius
244.00 pm220.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
18.10.3 Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm303.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
18.11 Atomic Weight
132.91 amu85.47 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
18.12 Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol55.90 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
18.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
18.13.1 Previous Element
18.13.2 Next Element
18.14 Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)9.47 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
18.16 Lattice Constant
614.10 pm558.50 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
18.18 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
18.19 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
19 Mechanical
19.1 Density
19.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm31.53 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
19.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.84 g/cm31.46 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
20.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
20.6 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
20.7 Vapor Pressure
20.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
20.7.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
20.8 Elasticity properties
20.8.1 Shear Modulus
NANA
Potassium
1.3 222
20.8.2 Bulk Modulus
1.60 GPa2.50 GPa
Tin
1.6 462
20.9.2 Young's Modulus
1.70 GPa2.40 GPa
Palladium
1.7 528
20.10 Poisson Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
20.11 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile
21 Magnetic
21.1 Magnetic Characteristics
21.1.1 Specific Gravity
1.871.53
Lithium
0.53 4500
21.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
21.2.2 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
21.3.1 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
21.4 Electrical Properties
21.4.1 Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
21.4.2 Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m128.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
21.6.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
21.7.1 Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol46.90 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
23 Thermal
23.1 Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)0.36 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
23.2 Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K31.06 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
23.3 Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K58.20 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
23.5 Critical Temperature
1,938.00 K2,093.00 K
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
23.7 Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)90.00 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
23.9 Enthalpy
23.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol69.20 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
23.9.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol2.19 kJ/mol
Tin
2.1 35.23
23.10.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol82.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
23.11 Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K76.80 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1