1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.2 Period Number
2.6 Block
2.7 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
2.8 CAS Number
74404177440439
7429905
54386242
2.9 Space Group Name
2.10 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
- Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
- It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
3.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %~0.0000006 %
1E-08
0.1
3.5.2 Abundance In Meteorites
3.5.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.6.1 Abundance In Oceans
3.6.2 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
- Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
-
Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.4.1 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.1.80 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
1,278.00 °C320.90 °C
27
3410
5.4 Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C765.00 °C
147
5660
6.2 Appearance
6.2.1 Physical State
6.2.2 Color
White Gray
Silvery Bluish-Gray
6.2.3 Luster
6.3 Hardness
6.3.1 Mohs Hardness
6.3.3 Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa203.00 MPa
0.14
3490
6.4.1 Vickers Hardness
6.7 Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s2,310.00 m/s
818
16200
6.8 Optical Properties
6.8.1 Refractive Index
6.8.3 Reflectivity
6.10 Allotropes
6.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.10.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.10.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.3 Electronegativity
7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
7.3.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
7.4.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.1.2 Allen Electronegativity
8.2 Electropositivity
8.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.3 Ionization Energies
8.3.1 1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol867.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.4.3 2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol1,631.40 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.4.5 3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol3,616.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.4.6 4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
8.4.8 5th Energy Level
9.1.1 6th Energy Level
9.1.2 7th Energy level
9.2.1 8th Energy Level
9.3.1 9th Energy Level
9.4.1 10th Energy Level
9.5.1 11th Energy Level
9.5.2 12th Energy Level
9.6.2 13th Energy Level
9.6.4 14th Energy Level
9.6.6 15th Energy Level
9.6.7 16th Energy Level
9.7.1 17th Energy Level
9.7.2 18th Energy Level
9.7.3 19th Energy Level
9.7.4 20th Energy Level
9.7.5 21st Energy Level
9.7.6 22nd Energy Level
9.7.7 23rd Energy Level
9.7.8 24th Energy Level
9.7.9 25th Energy Level
9.7.10 26th Energy Level
9.7.11 27th Energy Level
9.7.12 28th Energy Level
9.7.13 29th Energy Level
9.7.14 30th Energy Level
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr2.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
10.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.2 Number of Neutrons
10.4.3 Number of Electrons
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
112.00 pm151.00 pm
112
265
10.5.2 Covalent Radius
10.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm158.00 pm
139
348
10.6 Atomic Weight
9.01 amu112.41 amu
6.94
294
10.7 Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol13.10 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.8.1 Previous Element
10.8.2 Next Element
10.9 Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)30.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.10 Lattice Constant
228.58 pm297.94 pm
228.58
891.25
10.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
10.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.571.89
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1.567
1.886
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm38.65 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm38.00 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.2 Tensile Strength
11.3 Viscosity
11.4 Vapor Pressure
11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
11.5 Elasticity properties
11.5.1 Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa19.00 GPa
1.3
222
11.5.2 Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa42.00 GPa
1.6
462
11.5.3 Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa50.00 GPa
1.7
528
11.6 Poisson Ratio
11.7 Other Mechanical Properties
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
12.1.3 Permeability
12.1.4 Susceptibility
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Semiconductor
12.2.2 Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m72.70 nΩ·m
0.18
961
12.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
12.2.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol0.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)0.23 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
13.2 Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K26.02 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
13.3 Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K96.60 W/m·K
6.3
429
13.4 Critical Temperature
13.5 Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)30.80 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
13.6 Enthalpy
13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol100.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
13.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol6.19 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
13.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol113.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
13.7 Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K51.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1