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Zinc
Zinc




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What is Zinc?

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

Zn

1.2 Group Number

12
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Gadolinium
0 17

1.3 Period Number

4
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Lithium
2 7

1.4 Block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

7440666
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Aluminium
7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Plutonium
11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.

2.2 Sources

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Indian metallurgists

2.3.2 Discovery

Before 1000 BCE

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

3 * 10-5 %
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Thallium
5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.0002 %
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.02 %
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Gold
1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.01 %
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

0.00 %
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Radium
1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

Pharmaceutical Industry

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Highly Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

60% - Transition Metals Metals have it !

3.2.3 In Blood

7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Plutonium
0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

170.00 p.p.m.
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Plutonium
0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

419.58 °C
Rank: 65 (Overall)
Francium
27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

907.00 °C
Rank: 70 (Overall)
Flerovium
147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silvery Gray

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

2.50
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Cesium
0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

327.00 MPa
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Cesium
0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Palladium
121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

3,850.00 m/s
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Thallium
818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

1.00
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

80.00 %
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Molybdenum
58 97

4.7 Allotropes

6% - Transition Metals Metals have it !

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

Zn

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

25
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Tennessine
0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.65
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Francium
0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

2.23
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Cesium
0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.66
Rank: 7 (Overall)
Cesium
0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.65
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Cesium
0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

1.59
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Cesium
0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.35
Rank: 35 (Overall)
Gold
1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

906.40 kJ/mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Cesium
375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,733.30 kJ/mol
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

3,833.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Osmium
1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

5,731.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Thorium
2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

7,970.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Dubnium
4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

10,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

12,900.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Bohrium
7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

16,800.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Hassium
8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

19,600.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Yttrium
14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

23,000.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Strontium
17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

26,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Yttrium
19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

29,990.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Molybdenum
22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

40,490.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 5 (Overall)
Molybdenum
26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

43,800.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Molybdenum
29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

47,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall)
Manganese
41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

52,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 9 (Overall)
Iron
47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

55,900.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Cobalt
52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

59,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Nickel
58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

67,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Copper
64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

171,200.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Molybdenum
80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

179,100.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Molybdenum
87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

1.22 g/amp-hr
Rank: 52 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

4.33 eV
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Cesium
2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

30
Rank: 77 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Ar] 3d10 4s2

6.3 Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

30
Rank: 76 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

35
Rank: 58 (Overall)
Lithium
4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

30
Rank: 76 (Overall)
Lithium
3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

134.00 pm
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Beryllium
112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

122.00 pm
Rank: 52 (Overall)
Beryllium
96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

139.00 pm
Rank: 45 (Overall)
Palladium
139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

65.38 amu
Rank: 71 (Overall)
Lithium
6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

9.20 cm3/mol
Rank: 52 (Overall)
Manganese
1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

38.90 (-eV)
Rank: 48 (Overall)
Francium
8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

266.49 pm
Rank: 68 (Overall)
Beryllium
228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium
1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

7.14 g/cm3
Rank: 59 (Overall)
Lithium
0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

6.57 g/cm3
Rank: 37 (Overall)
Lithium
0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Indium
2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

43.00 GPa
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Potassium
1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

70.00 GPa
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Cesium
1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

108.00 GPa
Rank: 19 (Overall)
Cesium
1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.25
Rank: 24 (Overall)
Beryllium
0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

NA

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

6.90
Rank: 49 (Overall)
Lithium
0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

59.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 40 (Overall)
Thallium
0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.17 106/cm Ω
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

0.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 40 (Overall)
Mercury
0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

0.39 J/(kg K)
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Americium
0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

25.47 J/mol·K
Rank: 39 (Overall)
Beryllium
16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

116.00 W/m·K
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Neptunium
6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ytterbium
26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

30.20 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Tungsten
4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

7.32 kJ/mol
Rank: 60 (Overall)
Sodium
7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

7.32 kJ/mol
Rank: 44 (Overall)
Cesium
2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

129.70 kJ/mol
Rank: 55 (Overall)
Mercury
61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

41.60 J/mol.K
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Beryllium
9.5 198.1