Symbol
Mn
Ni
Group Number
710
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
44
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
74399657440020
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
I_ 43m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
217.00225.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
- Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Discovery
In 1774
In 1751
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %0.01 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %0.01 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.27 %1.30 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.11 %0.01 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %0.00 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
- Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-30.05 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.0.70 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,245.00 °C1,453.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C2,732.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
6.004.00
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPa667.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
196.00 MPa638.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s4,900.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.001.68
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
70.00 %72.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
Mn
Ni
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
2125
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.551.91
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.201.94
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.601.75
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.551.91
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.751.88
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.452.09
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol737.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol1,753.00 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol3,395.00 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol5,300.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/mol7,339.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/mol10,400.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/mol12,800.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/mol15,600.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/mol18,600.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/mol21,670.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/mol30,970.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/mol34,000.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/mol37,100.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/mol41,500.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/mol44,800.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/mol48,100.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/mol55,101.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/mol58,570.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/mol148,700.00 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/mol159,000.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/mol169,400.00 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/mol182,700.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/mol194,000.00 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol737.10 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol737.10 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol737.10 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol737.10 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol737.10 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol737.10 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
650.90 kJ/mol737.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr1.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.10 eV5.15 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Number
2528
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
2528
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
3031
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
2528
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
127.00 pm124.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm124.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm163.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
54.94 amu58.69 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol6.59 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)42.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
891.25 pm352.40 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.551.86
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm38.91 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm37.81 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa345.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)19.50 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
40.00 GPa76.00 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa180.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa200.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.300.31
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Ductile
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.218.90
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.00600.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m69.30 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.14 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol112.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)0.44 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K26.07 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K90.90 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,519.00 K1,728.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)13.40 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol371.80 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol17.57 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol422.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K29.90 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻