Symbol
Ni
Group Number
10
Rank: 8 (Overall)
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
4
Rank: 4 (Overall)
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440020
Rank: 77 (Overall)
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
Rank: 3 (Overall)
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Discovery
In 1751
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.01 %
Rank: 5 (Overall)
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.01 %
Rank: 3 (Overall)
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
1.30 %
Rank: 3 (Overall)
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
Rank: 15 (Overall)
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
Rank: 13 (Overall)
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
Rank: 17 (Overall)
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
60% - Transition Metals Metals have it !
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 17 (Overall)
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.
Rank: 20 (Overall)
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
1,453.00 °C
Rank: 31 (Overall)
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
2,732.00 °C
Rank: 40 (Overall)
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
4.00
Rank: 11 (Overall)
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
667.00 MPa
Rank: 20 (Overall)
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
638.00 MPa
Rank: 24 (Overall)
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
4,900.00 m/s
Rank: 16 (Overall)
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.68
Rank: 28 (Overall)
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
72.00 %
Rank: 11 (Overall)
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
6% - Transition Metals Metals
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical Formula
Ni
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
25
Rank: 14 (Overall)
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.91
Rank: 11 (Overall)
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.94
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75
Rank: 4 (Overall)
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.91
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.88
Rank: 9 (Overall)
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.09
Rank: 44 (Overall)
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 25 (Overall)
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,753.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 26 (Overall)
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
3,395.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 17 (Overall)
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
5,300.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 24 (Overall)
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
7,339.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 23 (Overall)
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 15 (Overall)
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
12,800.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 10 (Overall)
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 10 (Overall)
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
18,600.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 10 (Overall)
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
21,670.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 14 (Overall)
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
30,970.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
34,000.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 29 (Overall)
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
37,100.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
41,500.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 8 (Overall)
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
44,800.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 78 (Overall)
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
48,100.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 63 (Overall)
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
55,101.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
58,570.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
148,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
159,000.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
169,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 3 (Overall)
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
182,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
194,000.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 20 (Overall)
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 26 (Overall)
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 27 (Overall)
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
737.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr
Rank: 62 (Overall)
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
5.15 eV
Rank: 6 (Overall)
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Number
28
Rank: 79 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
28
Rank: 78 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
31
Rank: 60 (Overall)
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
28
Rank: 78 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
124.00 pm
Rank: 51 (Overall)
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
124.00 pm
Rank: 54 (Overall)
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm
Rank: 47 (Overall)
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
58.69 amu
Rank: 73 (Overall)
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
6.59 cm3/mol
Rank: 80 (Overall)
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
42.00 (-eV)
Rank: 44 (Overall)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
352.40 pm
Rank: 45 (Overall)
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86
Rank: 4 (Overall)
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.91 g/cm3
Rank: 49 (Overall)
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.81 g/cm3
Rank: 56 (Overall)
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa
Rank: 13 (Overall)
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.00
Rank: 8 (Overall)
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 33 (Overall)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.50 (Pa)
Rank: 6 (Overall)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
76.00 GPa
Rank: 12 (Overall)
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa
Rank: 9 (Overall)
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
200.00 GPa
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.31
Rank: 13 (Overall)
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.90
Rank: 48 (Overall)
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
Rank: 2 (Overall)
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
600.00
Rank: 2 (Overall)
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Resistivity
69.30 nΩ·m
Rank: 39 (Overall)
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω
Rank: 14 (Overall)
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
112.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)
Rank: 13 (Overall)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
26.07 J/mol·K
Rank: 39 (Overall)
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
90.90 W/m·K
Rank: 18 (Overall)
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,728.00 K
Rank: 35 (Overall)
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 34 (Overall)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
371.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 29 (Overall)
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol
Rank: 14 (Overall)
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
422.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 22 (Overall)
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
29.90 J/mol.K
Rank: 67 (Overall)
9.5
198.1
👆🏻