Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu
Group Number
11
Rank: 7 (Overall)
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
4
Rank: 4 (Overall)
2
7
👆🏻
Block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440508
Rank: 37 (Overall)
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
225.00
Rank: 3 (Overall)
11
276
👆🏻
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
Sources
Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
-
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %
Rank: 13 (Overall)
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %
Rank: 13 (Overall)
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
Rank: 17 (Overall)
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
Rank: 8 (Overall)
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
Rank: 10 (Overall)
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
-
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
60% - Transition Metals Metals have it !
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 8 (Overall)
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0
170000
👆🏻
Physical
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C
Rank: 40 (Overall)
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C
Rank: 45 (Overall)
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Copper
Luster
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.00
Rank: 13 (Overall)
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa
Rank: 47 (Overall)
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa
Rank: 45 (Overall)
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s
Rank: 26 (Overall)
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.10
Rank: 45 (Overall)
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
90.00 %
Rank: 4 (Overall)
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
6% - Transition Metals Metals
α Allotropes
-
β Allotropes
-
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
Rank: 10 (Overall)
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98
Rank: 11 (Overall)
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75
Rank: 4 (Overall)
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49
Rank: 27 (Overall)
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.85
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10
Rank: 43 (Overall)
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 22 (Overall)
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 15 (Overall)
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 15 (Overall)
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 17 (Overall)
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 16 (Overall)
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 9 (Overall)
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 9 (Overall)
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 13 (Overall)
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 27 (Overall)
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 7 (Overall)
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 77 (Overall)
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 59 (Overall)
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall)
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 10 (Overall)
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 2 (Overall)
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 19 (Overall)
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 19 (Overall)
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 19 (Overall)
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 18 (Overall)
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 24 (Overall)
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 25 (Overall)
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 19 (Overall)
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr
Rank: 57 (Overall)
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV
Rank: 16 (Overall)
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic
Atomic Number
29
Rank: 78 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
29
Rank: 77 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
35
Rank: 59 (Overall)
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
29
Rank: 77 (Overall)
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm
Rank: 48 (Overall)
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
Rank: 50 (Overall)
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm
Rank: 51 (Overall)
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu
Rank: 72 (Overall)
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol
Rank: 79 (Overall)
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)
Rank: 51 (Overall)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm
Rank: 39 (Overall)
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.28
Rank: 58 (Overall)
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Mechanical
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3
Rank: 48 (Overall)
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3
Rank: 54 (Overall)
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
210.00 MPa
Rank: 19 (Overall)
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.00
Rank: 25 (Overall)
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)
Rank: 8 (Overall)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 30 (Overall)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa
Rank: 15 (Overall)
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa
Rank: 12 (Overall)
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa
Rank: 19 (Overall)
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.34
Rank: 10 (Overall)
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.89
Rank: 49 (Overall)
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
Rank: 19 (Overall)
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.00
Rank: 31 (Overall)
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m
Rank: 51 (Overall)
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω
Rank: 2 (Overall)
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol
Rank: 1 (Overall)
0
222.8
👆🏻
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)
Rank: 15 (Overall)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K
Rank: 60 (Overall)
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K
Rank: 2 (Overall)
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,358.00 K
Rank: 43 (Overall)
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 27 (Overall)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol
Rank: 53 (Overall)
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol
Rank: 53 (Overall)
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol
Rank: 39 (Overall)
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K
Rank: 62 (Overall)
9.5
198.1
👆🏻