1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74404177440484
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
- Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
- It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
- The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
- Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
- It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
3.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.4.1 Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Georg Brandt
3.4.3 Discovery
3.5 Abundance
3.5.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %3 * 10-4 %
5E-09
0.11
3.5.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %~0.0004 %
1E-08
0.1
3.5.5 Abundance In Meteorites
4.1.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.2.1 Abundance In Oceans
4.3.2 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
- Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
- Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
-
Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Pharmaceutical Industry
5.1.3 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.04 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.5 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.04 p.p.m.
0
170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,278.00 °C1,495.00 °C
27
3410
6.2 Boiling Point
2,970.00 °C2,870.00 °C
147
5660
6.4 Appearance
6.4.1 Physical State
6.4.2 Color
6.4.3 Luster
6.5 Hardness
6.5.1 Mohs Hardness
6.6.2 Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPa470.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.2.2 Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPa1,043.00 MPa
121
3430
7.3 Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/s4,720.00 m/s
818
16200
7.5 Optical Properties
7.5.1 Refractive Index
7.5.3 Reflectivity
7.6 Allotropes
7.6.1 α Allotropes
7.6.2 β Allotropes
7.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.3.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.4.2 Allen Electronegativity
8.6 Electropositivity
8.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.7 Ionization Energies
8.7.1 1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol760.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.7.3 2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol1,648.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.7.5 3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol3,232.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.7.7 4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol4,950.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.7.9 5th Energy Level
NA7,670.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
8.7.11 6th Energy Level
NA9,840.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
8.7.12 7th Energy level
NA12,440.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
8.7.14 8th Energy Level
NA15,230.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
8.7.16 9th Energy Level
NA17,959.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
8.7.18 10th Energy Level
NA26,570.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
8.7.20 11th Energy Level
NA29,400.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
8.7.22 12th Energy Level
NA32,400.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
8.7.24 13th Energy Level
NA36,600.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
8.7.26 14th Energy Level
NA39,700.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
8.7.28 15th Energy Level
NA42,800.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
8.7.30 16th Energy Level
NA49,396.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
8.7.32 17th Energy Level
NA52,737.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
8.7.34 18th Energy Level
NA134,810.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
8.7.36 19th Energy Level
NA145,170.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
8.7.38 20th Energy Level
NA154,700.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
8.7.40 21st Energy Level
NA167,400.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
8.7.42 22nd Energy Level
NA178,100.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
8.7.44 23rd Energy Level
NA189,300.00 kJ/mol
98420
198800
8.7.46 24th Energy Level
8.7.48 25th Energy Level
8.7.50 26th Energy Level
8.7.52 27th Energy Level
8.7.53 28th Energy Level
8.7.56 29th Energy Level
8.7.58 30th Energy Level
8.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hr1.10 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.10 Electron Work Function
8.12 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Ionization
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
10.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.7.2 Number of Neutrons
10.7.3 Number of Electrons
10.8 Radius of an Atom
10.8.1 Atomic Radius
112.00 pm147.00 pm
112
265
10.8.3 Covalent Radius
10.8.4 Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
10.9 Atomic Weight
9.01 amu47.87 amu
6.94
294
10.11 Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/mol10.64 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.12 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.12.1 Previous Element
10.12.2 Next Element
10.13 Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)95.20 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.15 Lattice Constant
228.58 pm295.08 pm
228.58
891.25
10.16 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
10.17 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm34.51 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm34.11 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.5 Tensile Strength
11.6 Viscosity
11.7 Vapor Pressure
11.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
11.9 Elasticity properties
11.9.1 Shear Modulus
132.00 GPa44.00 GPa
1.3
222
11.11.1 Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPa110.00 GPa
1.6
462
11.11.2 Young's Modulus
287.00 GPa116.00 GPa
1.7
528
12.2 Poisson Ratio
12.3 Other Mechanical Properties
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
13.1.4 Permeability
13.1.5 Susceptibility
13.2 Electrical Properties
13.2.1 Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Poor Conductor
13.2.2 Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·m420.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
13.3.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm Ω0.02 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
13.4.1 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol7.60 kJ/mol
0
222.8
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)0.52 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
14.2 Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·K25.06 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
14.4 Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·K21.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
14.5 Critical Temperature
14.6 Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)8.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
14.7 Enthalpy
14.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/mol429.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
14.8.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/mol15.48 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
15.1.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/mol468.60 kJ/mol
61.5
837
15.2 Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.K27.30 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1