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Beryllium
Beryllium

Dubnium
Dubnium



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Beryllium vs Dubnium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Be
Db
1.2 Group Number
25
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
27
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
s block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Alkaline Earth
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
744041753850354
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Not Available
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00NA
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.
  • Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.
  • It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.
  • IUPAC allotted a temporary name to Dubnium metal as “ Unnilpentium”.
  • In the production of Dubnium, thermal gradient chromatography is used.
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Produced by Bombarding Am243 with Ne22, Synthetically Produced
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1797
In 1968
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-7 %NA
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000001 %~-9999 %
Palladium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %NA
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %NA
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %NA
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
  • Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.
  • Currently known uses of Dubnium metal are limited to research purpose only.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Research Purposes
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Unknown
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,278.00 °CNA
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
2,970.00 °CNA
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
White Gray
Unknown
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
Unknown Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
5.50NA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
590.00 MPaNA
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
1,670.00 MPaNA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
12,890.00 m/sNA
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Be
Db
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
910
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.57NA
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.81NA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.47NA
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.54NA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.58NA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.43NA
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
899.50 kJ/mol664.80 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,757.10 kJ/mol1,546.70 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
14,848.70 kJ/mol2,378.40 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
21,006.60 kJ/mol3,298.80 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NA4,305.20 kJ/mol
Tin
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.17 g/amp-hrNA
Palladium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
4.98 eVNA
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
4105
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[He] 2s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
4105
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
5157
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
4105
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
112.00 pm139.00 pm
Palladium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
96.00 pm149.00 pm
Palladium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
153.00 pmNA
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
9.01 amu268.00 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
5.00 cm3/molNA
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
82.00 (-eV)NA
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
228.58 pmNA
Palladium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57NA
Cadmium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.85 g/cm329.30 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.69 g/cm3NA
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
132.00 GPaNA
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
130.00 GPaNA
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
287.00 GPaNA
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.03NA
Iron
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Unknown
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
1.85NA
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Unknown
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Unknown
8.2.2 Resistivity
36.00 nΩ·mNA
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.31 106/cm ΩNA
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/molNA
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
1.82 J/(kg K)NA
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
16.44 J/mol·KNA
Palladium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
200.00 W/m·KNA
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
11.30 µm/(m·K)NA
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
294.70 kJ/molNA
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
11.72 kJ/molNA
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
326.40 kJ/molNA
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
9.50 J/mol.KNA
Palladium
9.5 198.1