Beryllium

Nickel

Beryllium vs Nickel

Beryllium

Nickel

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

210

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

s block

d block

1.5 Element Family

Alkaline Earth

Transition Metal

1.6 CAS Number

74404177440020

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

P63/mmc

Fm_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

194.00225.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Beryllium is best anti corrosion metal.

Beryllium is the lightest metal and still it is stronger than steel.

It also finds various applications in Nuclear reactors as a reflector.

Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.

2.2 Sources

Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Louis Nicolas Vauquelin

Axel Fredrik Cronstedt

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1797

In 1751

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

1 * 10^-7 %6 * 10^-3 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~0.00000001 %~0.008 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

0.00 %1.30 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

0.00 %0.01 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

0.00 %0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

0.00 %0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Its alloys with copper or nickel are used in manufacturing Gyroscopes, springs, electrical contact and non sparking tools.
Beryllium Alloys are used as a material for aircraft, missiles, spacecraft and satellite.

It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.05 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.0.70 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

1,278.00 °C1,453.00 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

2,970.00 °C2,732.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

White Gray

Silver

4.3.3 Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

5.504.00

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

590.00 MPa667.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

1,670.00 MPa638.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

12,890.00 m/s4,900.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NA72.00 %

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

925

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.571.91

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

1.811.94

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.471.75

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

1.54NA

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

1.581.88

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.432.09

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

899.50 kJ/mol737.10 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,757.10 kJ/mol1,753.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

14,848.70 kJ/mol3,395.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

21,006.60 kJ/mol5,300.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

NA7,339.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NA10,400.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NA12,800.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NA15,600.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NA18,600.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NA21,670.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NA30,970.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NA34,000.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NA37,100.00 kJ/mol

26930 76015

1.2.1 14th Energy Level

NA41,500.00 kJ/mol

29196 86450

1.3.1 15th Energy Level

NA44,800.00 kJ/mol

41987 97510

1.6.1 16th Energy Level

NA48,100.00 kJ/mol

47206 109480

1.6.2 17th Energy Level

NA55,101.00 kJ/mol

52737 122200

1.8.1 18th Energy Level

NA58,570.00 kJ/mol

58570 134810

2.1.1 19th Energy Level

NA148,700.00 kJ/mol

64702 148700

2.4.2 20th Energy Level

NA159,000.00 kJ/mol

80400 171200

2.4.3 21st Energy Level

NA169,400.00 kJ/mol

87000 179100

2.4.5 22nd Energy Level

NA182,700.00 kJ/mol

93400 184900

2.4.6 23rd Energy Level

NA194,000.00 kJ/mol

98420 198800

2.4.8 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

2.4.9 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

2.4.11 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

2.4.12 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

2.4.14 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

2.4.15 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

1.1.1 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

1.3 Electrochemical Equivalent

0.17 g/amp-hr1.10 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

1.4 Electron Work Function

4.98 eV5.15 eV

2.14 5.65

2.3 Other Chemical Properties

Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

3 Atomic

3.1 Atomic Number

428

3 117

3.3 Electron Configuration

[He] 2s²

[Ar] 3d⁸ 4s² Or [Ar] 3d⁹ 4s¹

3.4 Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

3.4.2 Crystal Lattice

3.5 Atom

3.5.1 Number of Protons

428

3 117

4.1.1 Number of Neutrons

531

4 184

4.4.1 Number of Electrons

428

3 117

5.7 Radius of an Atom

5.7.1 Atomic Radius

112.00 pm124.00 pm

112 265

5.7.3 Covalent Radius

96.00 pm124.00 pm

96 260

5.7.5 Van der Waals Radius

153.00 pm163.00 pm

139 348

5.8 Atomic Weight

9.01 amu58.69 amu

6.94 294

5.9 Atomic Volume

5.00 cm3/mol6.59 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

5.11 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

5.11.1 Previous Element

5.11.2 Next Element

5.12 Valence Electron Potential

82.00 (-eV)42.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.3 Lattice Constant

228.58 pm352.40 pm

228.58 891.25

7.3 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

7.4 Lattice C/A Ratio

1.57NA

1.567 1.886

9 Mechanical

9.1 Density

9.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

1.85 g/cm³8.91 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

9.3.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

1.69 g/cm37.81 g/cm3

0.512 20

9.5 Tensile Strength

NA345.00 MPa

2.5 11000

9.7 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

9.8 Vapor Pressure

9.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

9.8.4 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NA19.50 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

9.10 Elasticity properties

9.10.1 Shear Modulus

132.00 GPa76.00 GPa

1.3 222

9.12.2 Bulk Modulus

130.00 GPa180.00 GPa

1.6 462

10.2.2 Young's Modulus

287.00 GPa200.00 GPa

1.7 528

10.4 Poisson Ratio

0.030.31

0.032 0.47

10.5 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile

11 Magnetic

11.1 Magnetic Characteristics

11.1.1 Specific Gravity

1.858.90

0.53 4500

11.1.3 Magnetic Ordering

Diamagnetic

Ferromagnetic

11.1.4 Permeability

NA0.00 H/m

1.25643E-06 0.0063

11.1.7 Susceptibility

NA600.00

-0.000166 200000

11.2 Electrical Properties

11.2.1 Electrical Property

Semiconductor

Conductor

11.2.2 Resistivity

36.00 nΩ·m69.30 nΩ·m

0.18 961

11.2.5 Electrical Conductivity

0.31 10⁶/cm Ω0.14 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

11.4.2 Electron Affinity

0.00 kJ/mol112.00 kJ/mol

0 222.8

12 Thermal

12.1 Specific Heat

1.82 J/(kg K)0.44 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

12.2 Molar Heat Capacity

16.44 J/mol·K26.07 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

12.3 Thermal Conductivity

200.00 W/m·K90.90 W/m·K

6.3 429

12.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

12.5 Thermal Expansion

11.30 µm/(m·K)13.40 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

12.6 Enthalpy

12.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

294.70 kJ/mol371.80 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

12.6.3 Enthalpy of Fusion

11.72 kJ/mol17.57 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

12.6.7 Enthalpy of Atomization

326.40 kJ/mol422.60 kJ/mol

61.5 837

12.7 Standard Molar Entropy

9.50 J/mol.K29.90 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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