1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.6 Block
1.8 Element Family
1.9 CAS Number
74404627440031
7429905
54386242
1.10 Space Group Name
1.11 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
2.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff
Charles Hatchett
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-8 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000008 %~0.0000004 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.4.8 Abundance In Oceans
3.4.10 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- The most common use of cesium metal is as a drilling fluid. It is also used in optical glass manufacturing.
-
In vacuum tubes and radiation monitor equipment this metal is used as a catalyst promoter.
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.01 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.4 In Bone
0.05 p.p.m.0.07 p.p.m.
0
170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
28.50 °C2,468.00 °C
27
3410
7.2 Boiling Point
678.40 °C2,468.00 °C
147
5660
7.4 Appearance
7.4.1 Physical State
7.4.2 Color
7.4.3 Luster
7.5 Hardness
7.5.1 Mohs Hardness
7.5.2 Brinell Hardness
0.14 MPa735.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.7.2 Vickers Hardness
7.8 Speed of Sound
7.9 Optical Properties
7.9.1 Refractive Index
7.9.3 Reflectivity
7.10 Allotropes
7.11.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.11.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.11.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.4.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
9.2.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
9.2.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
9.3.2 Allen Electronegativity
9.4 Electropositivity
9.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
9.5 Ionization Energies
9.5.1 1st Energy Level
375.70 kJ/mol652.10 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
9.5.3 2nd Energy Level
2,234.30 kJ/mol1,380.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
9.5.5 3rd Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol2,416.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.5.7 4th Energy Level
NA3,700.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.6.2 5th Energy Level
NA4,877.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
9.7.2 6th Energy Level
NA9,847.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
9.7.4 7th Energy level
NA12,100.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
9.7.5 8th Energy Level
9.7.7 9th Energy Level
9.7.9 10th Energy Level
9.7.11 11th Energy Level
9.7.13 12th Energy Level
9.7.15 13th Energy Level
9.7.17 14th Energy Level
9.7.19 15th Energy Level
9.7.21 16th Energy Level
9.7.23 17th Energy Level
9.7.25 18th Energy Level
9.7.26 19th Energy Level
9.7.28 20th Energy Level
9.7.30 21st Energy Level
9.7.31 22nd Energy Level
9.7.33 23rd Energy Level
9.7.34 24th Energy Level
9.7.36 25th Energy Level
9.7.38 26th Energy Level
9.7.39 27th Energy Level
9.7.41 28th Energy Level
9.7.43 29th Energy Level
9.7.44 30th Energy Level
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
4.96 g/amp-hr0.69 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
10.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.4 Number of Neutrons
10.4.6 Number of Electrons
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
265.00 pm146.00 pm
112
265
10.5.3 Covalent Radius
244.00 pm164.00 pm
96
260
10.6.1 Van der Waals Radius
343.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
10.7 Atomic Weight
132.91 amu92.91 amu
6.94
294
10.9 Atomic Volume
71.07 cm3/mol10.87 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.2.1 Previous Element
11.2.2 Next Element
11.3 Valence Electron Potential
8.62 (-eV)104.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.6 Lattice Constant
614.10 pm330.04 pm
228.58
891.25
11.8 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
11.9 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.93 g/cm38.57 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.2 Tensile Strength
12.4 Viscosity
12.5 Vapor Pressure
12.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.7 Elasticity properties
12.7.1 Shear Modulus
12.7.2 Bulk Modulus
1.60 GPa170.00 GPa
1.6
462
12.8.1 Young's Modulus
1.70 GPa105.00 GPa
1.7
528
12.11 Poisson Ratio
12.13 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
13.3.1 Permeability
13.3.2 Susceptibility
14.2 Electrical Properties
14.2.1 Electrical Property
14.2.2 Resistivity
205.00 nΩ·m152.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
14.2.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω0.07 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
14.2.5 Electron Affinity
45.50 kJ/mol86.10 kJ/mol
0
222.8
15 Thermal
15.1 Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)0.26 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
15.3 Molar Heat Capacity
32.21 J/mol·K24.60 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
15.4 Thermal Conductivity
35.90 W/m·K53.70 W/m·K
6.3
429
15.6 Critical Temperature
1.3 Thermal Expansion
97.00 µm/(m·K)7.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
1.4 Enthalpy
1.4.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
65.90 kJ/mol696.60 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
1.5.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.10 kJ/mol27.20 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
1.9.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
78.20 kJ/mol745.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
2.2 Standard Molar Entropy
85.20 J/mol.K36.40 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1