1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.6 Period Number
1.10 Block
1.11 Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
1.12 CAS Number
74400317440393
7429905
54386242
1.13 Space Group Name
1.14 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
- Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
- All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
- Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
3.2 Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %1 * 10-6 %
5E-09
0.11
4.1.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %~0.000001 %
1E-08
0.1
4.3.1 Abundance In Meteorites
5.1.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.2.1 Abundance In Oceans
5.2.2 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
- It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
-
Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
6.1.2 Medical Uses
6.1.3 Other Uses
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.07 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
7.2.5 In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.70.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
8 Physical
8.1 Melting Point
2,468.00 °C725.00 °C
27
3410
9.2 Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C1,140.00 °C
147
5660
9.4 Appearance
9.4.1 Physical State
9.4.2 Color
9.4.3 Luster
9.5 Hardness
9.5.1 Mohs Hardness
9.7.4 Brinell Hardness
10.5.2 Vickers Hardness
10.6 Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s1,620.00 m/s
818
16200
10.7 Optical Properties
10.7.1 Refractive Index
10.7.2 Reflectivity
10.9 Allotropes
10.9.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.9.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.9.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11 Chemical
11.1 Chemical Formula
11.2 Isotopes
11.2.1 Known Isotopes
11.4 Electronegativity
11.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
11.5.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
12.2.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
12.2.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
12.3.3 Allen Electronegativity
12.4 Electropositivity
12.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
12.5 Ionization Energies
12.5.1 1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol502.90 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
12.5.4 2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol965.20 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
12.5.6 3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol3,600.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
12.5.9 4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
12.6.2 5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
12.7.2 6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
12.7.4 7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
12.7.7 8th Energy Level
12.7.9 9th Energy Level
12.7.12 10th Energy Level
12.7.14 11th Energy Level
12.7.18 12th Energy Level
12.7.22 13th Energy Level
12.7.25 14th Energy Level
12.7.28 15th Energy Level
12.7.31 16th Energy Level
12.7.33 17th Energy Level
12.7.37 18th Energy Level
12.7.40 19th Energy Level
12.7.42 20th Energy Level
12.7.45 21st Energy Level
12.7.47 22nd Energy Level
12.7.50 23rd Energy Level
12.7.52 24th Energy Level
12.7.55 25th Energy Level
12.8.2 26th Energy Level
12.8.3 27th Energy Level
12.9.1 28th Energy Level
12.9.3 29th Energy Level
13.1.1 30th Energy Level
13.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr2.56 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
13.6 Electron Work Function
13.7 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
14 Atomic
14.1 Atomic Number
14.2 Electron Configuration
14.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
14.3.1 Crystal Lattice
14.4 Atom
14.4.1 Number of Protons
14.5.4 Number of Neutrons
14.5.8 Number of Electrons
14.7 Radius of an Atom
14.7.1 Atomic Radius
146.00 pm222.00 pm
112
265
14.8.1 Covalent Radius
164.00 pm215.00 pm
96
260
14.10.1 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm268.00 pm
139
348
14.12 Atomic Weight
92.91 amu137.33 amu
6.94
294
14.15 Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol39.24 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
16.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
16.2.1 Previous Element
16.2.2 Next Element
16.3 Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)21.30 (-eV)
8
392.42
16.7 Lattice Constant
330.04 pm502.80 pm
228.58
891.25
16.9 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
16.10 Lattice C/A Ratio
17 Mechanical
17.1 Density
17.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm33.51 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
17.2.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.4 Tensile Strength
17.6 Viscosity
17.7 Vapor Pressure
17.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
17.7.4 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
17.9 Elasticity properties
17.9.1 Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa4.90 GPa
1.3
222
17.10.1 Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa9.60 GPa
1.6
462
18.2.3 Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa13.00 GPa
1.7
528
18.5 Poisson Ratio
18.8 Other Mechanical Properties
19 Magnetic
19.1 Magnetic Characteristics
19.1.1 Specific Gravity
19.3.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
19.3.2 Permeability
20.1.2 Susceptibility
20.2 Electrical Properties
20.2.1 Electrical Property
20.2.2 Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m332.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
21.1.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω0.03 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
21.3.1 Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol13.95 kJ/mol
0
222.8
22 Thermal
22.1 Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)0.20 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
22.4 Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K28.07 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
22.6 Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K18.40 W/m·K
6.3
429
22.8 Critical Temperature
22.9 Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)20.60 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
22.10 Enthalpy
22.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol140.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
22.12.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol7.66 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
23.1.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol175.70 kJ/mol
61.5
837
23.2 Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K62.50 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1