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Niobium
Niobium

Barium
Barium



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Niobium vs Barium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Nb
Ba
1.2 Group Number
52
Gadolinium
0 17
1.6 Period Number
56
Lithium
2 7
1.10 Block
d block
s block
1.11 Element Family
Transition Metal
Alkaline Earth
1.12 CAS Number
74400317440393
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.13 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Im_ 3m
1.14 Space Group Number
229.00229.00
Plutonium
11 229
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  • Barium oxidizes very easily in the air.
  • All toxic compounds of Barium can easily dissolve in water.
  • Barium carbonate is used to produce a Rat poison and its other compound Barium nitrate is used in fireworks to produce green color.
3.2 Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
3.3.2 Discovery
In 1801
In 1772
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %1 * 10-6 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
4.1.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %~0.000001 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
4.3.1 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
5.1.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.03 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
5.2.1 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
5.2.2 Abundance In Humans
NA0.00 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  • It is sued in chemical paint manufacturing and glass manufacturing.
  • Compounds of this metal are toxic; but still the barium sulfate is insoluble and given to patients suffering from digestive disorder.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Ammunition Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
6.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
6.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
Low Toxic
Low Toxic
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.07 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
7.2.5 In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.70.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
8 Physical
8.1 Melting Point
2,468.00 °C725.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
9.2 Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C1,140.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
9.4 Appearance
9.4.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
9.4.2 Color
Gray
Silvery Gray
9.4.3 Luster
Metallic
NA
9.5 Hardness
9.5.1 Mohs Hardness
6.001.25
Cesium
0.2 8.5
9.7.4 Brinell Hardness
735.00 MPaNA
Cesium
0.14 3490
10.5.2 Vickers Hardness
870.00 MPaNA
Palladium
121 3430
10.6 Speed of Sound
3,480.00 m/s1,620.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
10.7 Optical Properties
10.7.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
10.7.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
10.9 Allotropes
10.9.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.9.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
10.9.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11 Chemical
11.1 Chemical Formula
Nb
Ba
11.2 Isotopes
11.2.1 Known Isotopes
1737
Tennessine
0 38
11.4 Electronegativity
11.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.600.89
Francium
0.7 2.54
11.5.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.420.68
Cesium
0.22 2.56
12.2.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.230.97
Cesium
0.86 1.82
12.2.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA0.88
Cesium
0.62 2.48
12.3.3 Allen Electronegativity
1.410.88
Cesium
0.659 2.7
12.4 Electropositivity
12.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.403.11
Gold
1.46 3.3
12.5 Ionization Energies
12.5.1 1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol502.90 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
12.5.4 2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol965.20 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
12.5.6 3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol3,600.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
12.5.9 4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/molNA
Thorium
2780 37066
12.6.2 5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/molNA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
12.7.2 6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
12.7.4 7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/molNA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
12.7.7 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
12.7.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
12.7.12 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
12.7.14 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
12.7.18 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
12.7.22 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
12.7.25 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
12.7.28 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
12.7.31 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
12.7.33 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
12.7.37 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
12.7.40 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
12.7.42 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
12.7.45 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
12.7.47 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
12.7.50 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
12.7.52 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
12.7.55 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
12.8.2 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
12.8.3 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
12.9.1 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
12.9.3 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
13.1.1 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
13.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr2.56 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
13.6 Electron Work Function
4.30 eV2.70 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
13.7 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
14 Atomic
14.1 Atomic Number
4156
Lithium
3 117
14.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
[Xe] 6s2
14.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
14.3.1 Crystal Lattice
14.4 Atom
14.4.1 Number of Protons
4156
Lithium
3 117
14.5.4 Number of Neutrons
5281
Lithium
4 184
14.5.8 Number of Electrons
4156
Lithium
3 117
14.7 Radius of an Atom
14.7.1 Atomic Radius
146.00 pm222.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
14.8.1 Covalent Radius
164.00 pm215.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
14.10.1 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm268.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
14.12 Atomic Weight
92.91 amu137.33 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
14.15 Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol39.24 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
16.2 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
16.2.1 Previous Element
16.2.2 Next Element
16.3 Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)21.30 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
16.7 Lattice Constant
330.04 pm502.80 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
16.9 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
16.10 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
17 Mechanical
17.1 Density
17.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm33.51 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
17.2.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NA3.34 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
17.4 Tensile Strength
330.00 MPaNA
Indium
2.5 11000
17.6 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
17.7 Vapor Pressure
17.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA7.11 (Pa)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
17.7.4 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
17.9 Elasticity properties
17.9.1 Shear Modulus
38.00 GPa4.90 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
17.10.1 Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa9.60 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
18.2.3 Young's Modulus
105.00 GPa13.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
18.5 Poisson Ratio
0.40NA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
18.8 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
19 Magnetic
19.1 Magnetic Characteristics
19.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.573.62
Lithium
0.53 4500
19.3.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
19.3.2 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
20.1.2 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
20.2 Electrical Properties
20.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
20.2.2 Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m332.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
21.1.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω0.03 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
21.3.1 Electron Affinity
86.10 kJ/mol13.95 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
22 Thermal
22.1 Specific Heat
0.26 J/(kg K)0.20 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
22.4 Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·K28.07 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
22.6 Thermal Conductivity
53.70 W/m·K18.40 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
22.8 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
22.9 Thermal Expansion
7.30 µm/(m·K)20.60 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
22.10 Enthalpy
22.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/mol140.00 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
22.12.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol7.66 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
23.1.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
745.00 kJ/mol175.70 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
23.2 Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.K62.50 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1