1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
744003153850354
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
- IUPAC allotted a temporary name to Dubnium metal as “ Unnilpentium”.
- In the production of Dubnium, thermal gradient chromatography is used.
2.2 Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Produced by Bombarding Am243 with Ne22, Synthetically Produced
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
2.3.3 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.2.4 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
3.2.6 Abundance In Meteorites
4.1.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.2.1 Abundance In Oceans
4.2.2 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
- Currently known uses of Dubnium metal are limited to research purpose only.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.5 In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
6.3 Boiling Point
7.4 Appearance
7.4.1 Physical State
7.4.2 Color
7.4.3 Luster
7.5 Hardness
7.5.1 Mohs Hardness
7.5.4 Brinell Hardness
7.5.7 Vickers Hardness
7.8 Speed of Sound
7.9 Optical Properties
7.9.1 Refractive Index
7.9.3 Reflectivity
7.10 Allotropes
7.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.10.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.10.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.3.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.3.7 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.3.9 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.3.12 Allen Electronegativity
8.4 Electropositivity
8.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.5 Ionization Energies
8.5.1 1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol664.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.5.5 2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol1,546.70 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.5.8 3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol2,378.40 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.5.12 4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol3,298.80 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.5.16 5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/mol4,305.20 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
8.6.1 6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
8.7.1 7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
9.1.1 8th Energy Level
9.4.2 9th Energy Level
9.4.4 10th Energy Level
9.5.2 11th Energy Level
9.5.5 12th Energy Level
9.6.1 13th Energy Level
9.9.1 14th Energy Level
9.10.1 15th Energy Level
10.1.2 16th Energy Level
10.1.4 17th Energy Level
10.2.1 18th Energy Level
10.4.2 19th Energy Level
10.4.4 20th Energy Level
10.5.2 21st Energy Level
10.5.4 22nd Energy Level
10.5.6 23rd Energy Level
10.5.7 24th Energy Level
10.6.1 25th Energy Level
11.1.2 26th Energy Level
11.1.5 27th Energy Level
11.1.7 28th Energy Level
11.2.3 29th Energy Level
11.2.5 30th Energy Level
11.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hrNA
0.16812
8.3209
12.2 Electron Work Function
12.5 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
13 Atomic
13.1 Atomic Number
13.3 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2
13.4 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
13.4.1 Crystal Lattice
13.5 Atom
13.6.1 Number of Protons
13.7.2 Number of Neutrons
13.7.5 Number of Electrons
13.9 Radius of an Atom
13.9.1 Atomic Radius
146.00 pm139.00 pm
112
265
13.9.2 Covalent Radius
164.00 pm149.00 pm
96
260
13.9.3 Van der Waals Radius
13.10 Atomic Weight
92.91 amu268.00 amu
6.94
294
13.11 Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
13.12 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.12.1 Previous Element
13.12.2 Next Element
13.13 Valence Electron Potential
13.14 Lattice Constant
330.04 pmNA
228.58
891.25
13.15 Lattice Angles
13.16 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm329.30 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
14.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
14.2 Tensile Strength
14.3 Viscosity
14.4 Vapor Pressure
14.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
14.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
14.5 Elasticity properties
14.5.1 Shear Modulus
14.5.2 Bulk Modulus
14.5.3 Young's Modulus
14.6 Poisson Ratio
14.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Unknown
15 Magnetic
15.1 Magnetic Characteristics
15.1.1 Specific Gravity
15.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
15.1.3 Permeability
15.1.4 Susceptibility
15.2 Electrical Properties
15.2.1 Electrical Property
15.2.2 Resistivity
15.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
15.2.4 Electron Affinity
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
16.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
16.3 Thermal Conductivity
16.4 Critical Temperature
16.5 Thermal Expansion
16.6 Enthalpy
16.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
16.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
16.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
16.7 Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1