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Yttrium
Yttrium

Osmium
Osmium



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Yttrium
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Osmium

Yttrium vs Osmium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Y
Os
1.2 Group Number
38
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
56
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74406557440042
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00194.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Yttrium Metal is highly toxic.
  • Yttrium Metal is highly reactive in nature hence not found free in nature.
  • Osmium metal does not oxidize in air unless it is heated.
  • But if it heated den it forms Osmium Tetroxide, which is highly toxic.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Johan Gadolin
Smithson Tennant
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1794
In 1803
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-7 %3 * 10-7 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000002 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %NA
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Yttrium metal is used in different alloys, as it increases the strength of aluminum Magnesium alloy. It is used for radar microwave filter.
  • It is also used as a catalyst in ethene polymerisation.
  • Its has very limited uses and its alloys are very hard and are used in the manufacturing of pen tips, pivots, needles and electrical contacts.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Highly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,523.00 °C3,045.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
3,337.00 °C5,027.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery Bluish-Gray
4.3.3 Luster
NA
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NA7.00
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
589.00 MPa3,490.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
3,300.00 m/s4,940.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Y
Os
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
1935
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.222.20
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
0.65NA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.111.52
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
1.121.65
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.781.80
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
600.00 kJ/mol840.00 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol1,309.80 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
1,980.00 kJ/mol1,600.00 kJ/mol
Tin
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/molNA
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
7,430.00 kJ/molNA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
8,970.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
11,190.00 kJ/molNA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
12,450.00 kJ/molNA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
14,110.00 kJ/molNA
Sodium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
18,400.00 kJ/molNA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
19,900.00 kJ/molNA
Copper
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
36,090.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr1.77 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
3.10 eV4.83 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
3976
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d1 5s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
3976
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
50114
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
3976
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
180.00 pm133.80 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
190.00 pmNA
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm216.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
88.91 amu190.23 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol8.49 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
48.00 (-eV)91.40 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
364.74 pm273.44 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.571.58
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
4.47 g/cm322.59 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
4.24 g/cm320.00 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NA1,000.00 MPa
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
4.27 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
25.60 GPa222.00 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
41.20 GPa462.00 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
63.50 GPaNA
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.240.25
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
4.4722.57
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
596.00 nΩ·m81.20 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.11 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
29.60 kJ/mol106.10 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.30 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.53 J/mol·K24.70 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
17.20 W/m·K87.60 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
10.60 µm/(m·K)5.10 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
393.00 kJ/mol627.60 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.15 kJ/mol29.30 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
418.00 kJ/mol669.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
44.40 J/mol.K32.60 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1